{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T04:40:04Z","timestamp":1787892004209,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","ejradiology.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T12:34:57Z","timestamp":1707136497000},"page":"111358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The T1-dark-rim: A novel imaging sign for detecting smoldering inflammation in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Naval-Baudin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Pons-Escoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Castillo-Pinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Zalaca\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Arroyo-Pereiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanie","family":"Flores-Casaperalta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Garay-Buitron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahum","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Martinez-Y\u00e9lamos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Cos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Y\u00e9lamos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Maj\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401483","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"378","author":"Reich","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00675-0","article-title":"Emerging therapies to target CNS pathophysiology in multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.4905","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of escalation vs early intensive disease-modifying therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"76","author":"Harding","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30151-6","article-title":"Early highly effective versus escalation treatment approaches in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Ontaneda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30475-6","article-title":"Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): A double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study","volume":"391","author":"Kappos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30342-2","article-title":"Long-term follow-up from the ORATORIO trial of ocrelizumab for primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A post-hoc analysis from the ongoing open-label extension of the randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"19","author":"Wolinsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2020.1757435","article-title":"MRI biomarkers of disease progression and conversion to secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0040","first-page":"1","article-title":"Imaging chronic active lesions in multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement","author":"Bagnato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21582","article-title":"Quantitative in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of multiple sclerosis at 7 Tesla with sensitivity to iron","volume":"64","author":"Hammond","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23959","article-title":"Seven-tesla phase imaging of acute multiple sclerosis lesions: A new window into the inflammatory process","volume":"74","author":"Absinta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86198","article-title":"Persistent 7-tesla phase rim predicts poor outcome in new multiple sclerosis patient lesions","volume":"126","author":"Absinta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3602","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr278","article-title":"Tracking iron in multiple sclerosis: a combined imaging and histopathological study at 7 Tesla","volume":"134","author":"Bagnato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1636-z","article-title":"Slow expansion of multiple sclerosis iron rim lesions: pathology and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"133","author":"Dal-Bianco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103048","article-title":"Slowly expanding lesions relate to persisting black-holes and clinical outcomes in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Calvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2399","article-title":"Association of chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions with disability in vivo","volume":"76","author":"Absinta","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab134","article-title":"Cortical and phase rim lesions on 7 T MRI as markers of multiple sclerosis disease progression","volume":"3","author":"Treaba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"issue":"2021","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00095-8","article-title":"MAGNIMS\u2013CMSC\u2013NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Wattjes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2020.01.083","article-title":"New OFSEP recommendations for MRI assessment of multiple sclerosis patients: Special consideration for gadolinium deposition and frequent acquisitions","volume":"47","author":"Brisset","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102412","article-title":"RimNet: A deep 3D multimodal MRI architecture for paramagnetic rim lesion assessment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Barquero","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102796","article-title":"Fully automated detection of paramagnetic rims in multiple sclerosis lesions on 3T susceptibility-based MR imaging","volume":"32","author":"Lou","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.102979","article-title":"QSMRim-Net: Imbalance-aware learning for identification of chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions on quantitative susceptibility maps","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz212","article-title":"Chronic white matter lesion activity predicts clinical progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"142","author":"Elliott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520958589","article-title":"In vivo imaging of chronic active lesions in multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Calvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-021-02768-x","article-title":"FutureMS consortium, Rim lesions are demonstrated in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis using 3 T-based susceptibility-weighted imaging in a multi-institutional setting","volume":"64","author":"Ng Kee Kwong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09784-w","article-title":"Deeply 3D\u2013T1-TFE hypointense voxels are characteristic of phase-rim lesions in multiple sclerosis","author":"Naval-Baudin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol. Online Ahe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0130","article-title":"Evaluation of the blood-brain barrier, demyelination, and neurodegeneration in paramagnetic rim lesions in multiple sclerosis on 7 tesla <scp>MRI<\/scp>","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.8.671","article-title":"EDMUS, a European database for multiple sclerosis","volume":"55","author":"Confavreux","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww173","article-title":"MSBase study group, defining secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"139","author":"Lorscheider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2022.2143265","article-title":"What is the potential of paramagnetic rim lesions as diagnostic indicators in multiple sclerosis?","volume":"22","author":"Martire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-018-1977-5","article-title":"The T1 shine through effect on susceptibility weighted imaging: an under recognized phenomenon","volume":"60","author":"Hsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.21.26777","article-title":"Paramagnetic rim lesions in multiple sclerosis: Comparison of visualization at 1.5-T and 3-T MRI","volume":"219","author":"Hemond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0256845","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256845","article-title":"The prevalence of paramagnetic rim lesions in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ng Kee Kwong","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285613484079","article-title":"Magnetic resonance monitoring of lesion evolution in multiple sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Rovira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221141964","article-title":"Relationship between paramagnetic rim lesions and slowly expanding lesions in multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Calvi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231162262","article-title":"Lesion-level correspondence and longitudinal properties of paramagnetic rim and slowly expanding lesions in multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Elliott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0720048X24000743?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0720048X24000743?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T02:20:38Z","timestamp":1738981238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0720048X24000743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0720048X24000743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3582841\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0720-048X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0720-048X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The T1-dark-rim: A novel imaging sign for detecting smoldering inflammation in multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111358","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111358"}}