{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T08:07:15Z","timestamp":1775894835883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004572","name":"National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004572","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejradiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T01:01:12Z","timestamp":1774486872000},"page":"112817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Path forward: Cryoablation for colorectal liver metastases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Guangzhao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baorang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juxing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wuwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2024","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0005","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics, GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.003","article-title":"Metastatic colorectal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"34","author":"Cervantes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-2794","article-title":"Spatially resolved transcriptomics deconvolutes prognostic histological subgroups in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases","volume":"83","author":"Wood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0106","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: a review","volume":"325","author":"Biller","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00360-X","article-title":"Colorectal cancer","volume":"404","author":"Eng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2023.101558","article-title":"Pan-asian adapted ESMO clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Yoshino","year":"2023","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0035","first-page":"414","article-title":"Treatment of patients with late-stage colorectal cancer: ASCO resource-stratified guideline, JCO Glob","author":"Chiorean","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01690","article-title":"Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: ASCO guideline","volume":"41","author":"Morris","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0045","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN Guidelines Version 4.2025 Colon Cancer, (2025). https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/colon.pdf (accessed August 8, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00660-0","article-title":"Thermal ablation versus surgical resection of small-size colorectal liver metastases (COLLISION): an international, randomised, controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial","volume":"26","author":"van der Lei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2025.105520","article-title":"Differentiating low tumor burden from oligometastatic disease in colorectal cancer: a call for individualized therapeutic approaches","volume":"10","author":"De Grandis","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0060","first-page":"192","article-title":"The role of cryosurgery in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases: a matched-pair analysis of cryotherapy vs. liver resection","volume":"61","author":"Schuld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2019.12.003","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of local ablative therapies for resectable colorectal liver metastases","volume":"46","author":"Di Martino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5400","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07610-1","article-title":"Overall survival and local recurrence following RFA, MWA, and cryoablation of very early and early HCC: a systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Radio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3672","article-title":"Thermal ablation of tumours: biological mechanisms and advances in therapy","volume":"14","author":"Chu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13779","article-title":"Co-ablation versus cryoablation for the treatment of stage III\u2013IV non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective, noninferiority, randomized, controlled trial (RCT),","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0085","first-page":"2174","article-title":"Intra-procedural real-time ultrasound fusion imaging improves the therapeutic effect and safety of liver tumor ablation in difficult cases","volume":"10","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14225","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6089","article-title":"Efficacy of fusion imaging for immediate post-ablation assessment of malignant liver neoplasms: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Rai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-024-04508-0","article-title":"Microwave ablation for colorectal liver metastases with ultrasound fusion imaging assistance: a stratified analysis study based on tumor size and location","volume":"50","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Abdom. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-023-04117-3","article-title":"Cryoablation in the liver: how accurately does the iceball predict the ablation zone?","volume":"49","author":"Young","year":"2023","journal-title":"Abdom. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znae165","article-title":"Identification of A0 minimum ablative margins for colorectal liver metastases: multicentre, retrospective study using deformable CT registration and artificial intelligence-based autosegmentation","volume":"111","author":"Paolucci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0110","first-page":"130","article-title":"Cryosurgery for colorectal liver metastases","volume":"2","author":"Niu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289975","article-title":"Survival outcomes and quality of life after percutaneous cryoablation for liver metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Khanmohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.1430","article-title":"Percutaneous cryosurgery for the treatment of hepatic colorectal metastases","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0687-x","article-title":"Percutaneous cryoablation of hepatic Tumors: Long-term experience of a large U.S. series","volume":"41","author":"Littrup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Abdom. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17582","article-title":"Percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of hepatic tumors: single-center experience with intermediate to long-term outcomes","volume":"209","author":"Glazer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000201","article-title":"Advances in clinical application of cryoablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver tumor","volume":"48","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1777845","article-title":"Thermal ablation in the liver: heat versus cold\u2014what is the role of cryoablation?","volume":"40","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-024-03869-9","article-title":"Percutaneous cryoablation in the liver: a meta-analysis and review of safety with a focus on incidence of cryoshock and major complications","volume":"47","author":"Kolck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.67530","article-title":"Recent progress in cryoablation cancer therapy and nanoparticles mediated cryoablation","volume":"12","author":"Kwak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-019-0727-5","article-title":"Cryoablation and immunotherapy: an overview of evidence on its synergy","volume":"10","author":"Aarts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Insights into Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2024.2415365","article-title":"Cryoablation plus chemotherapy regimen enhance anti-tumor immune response in a mouse model of lewis lung cancer","volume":"41","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperthermia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10822","article-title":"Apoptosis induced by cryo-injury in human colorectal cancer cells is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"103","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-03244-z","article-title":"Cryoablation-induced neutrophil Ca(2+)elevation and NET formation exacerbate immune escape in colorectal cancer liver metastasis","volume":"43","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.001","article-title":"NETworking with cancer: the bidirectional interplay between cancer and neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"41","author":"Adrover","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2024.101125","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of gastrointestinal cancer liver metastases and drug resistance","volume":"77","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updates"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15112912","article-title":"Chemo-immunotherapy: a new trend in cancer treatment","volume":"15","author":"Sordo-Bahamonde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10841","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2374-2","article-title":"Cryoablation plus chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2025.102926","article-title":"EORTC consensus recommendations on the optimal management of colorectal cancer liver metastases","volume":"136","author":"Bregni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00219-X","article-title":"First-line systemic treatment strategies in patients with initially unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CAIRO5): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study from the dutch colorectal cancer group","volume":"24","author":"Bond","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00839","volume":"40","author":"Rossini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004389","article-title":"Cetuximab plus FOLFOXIRI versus cetuximab plus FOLFOX as conversion regimen in RAS\/BRAF wild-type patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases (TRICE trial): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu580","article-title":"Bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX-6 or FOLFOXIRI in patients with initially unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer: the OLIVIA multinational randomised phase II trial","volume":"26","author":"Gruenberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00886-y","article-title":"Antiangiogenic\u2013immune-checkpoint inhibitor combinations: lessons from phase III clinical trials","volume":"21","author":"Kuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1460533","article-title":"Antiangiogenic therapy exerts antitumor effects by altering the tumor microenvironment: bibliometric analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02566-z","article-title":"Cryoablation combined with transarterial infusion of pembrolizumab (CATAP) for liver metastases of melanoma: an ambispective, proof-of-concept cohort study","volume":"69","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.08.006","article-title":"Anti-PD-L1 antibody enhances curative effect of cryoablation via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mediating PD-L1highCD11b+ cells elimination in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-1782","article-title":"Potent induction of tumor immunity by combining tumor cryoablation with anti\u2013CTLA-4 therapy","volume":"72","author":"Waitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26415-4","article-title":"Pilot study of tremelimumab with and without cryoablation in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2024.2373319","article-title":"Cryoablation combined with dual immune checkpoint blockade enhances antitumor efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma model mice","volume":"41","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperthermia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15817","article-title":"Potent induction of antitumor immunity by combining cryo-thermal ablation with immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480607200503","article-title":"Recurrence after complete cryoablation of colorectal liver metastases: Analysis of prognostic features","volume":"72","author":"Yan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9400-1","article-title":"Recurrence and survival outcomes after hepatic resection with or without cryotherapy for liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2023.05.006","article-title":"Combined ablation and resection (CARe) for resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases-a propensity score matching study","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2021.03.014","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcomes of hepatectomy combined with intraoperative radiofrequency ablation for patients with multiple primarily unresectable colorectal liver metastases: a propensity matching analysis","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1479-666X(05)80089-7","article-title":"Synchronous liver resection and cryotherapy for colorectal metastases: survival analysis","volume":"3","author":"Brooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2018.1493235","article-title":"Large hepatocellular carcinomas: treatment with transarterial chemoembolization alone or in combination with percutaneous cryoablation","volume":"35","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperthermia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111619","article-title":"Therapeutic analysis of 632 cases treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study","volume":"178","author":"Jing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2015.05.030","article-title":"Minimal invasive treatments for liver malignancies","volume":"27","author":"Orsi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0300","article-title":"Intra-arterial infusion of irinotecan-loaded drug-eluting beads (DEBIRI) versus intravenous therapy (FOLFIRI) for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: final results of a phase III study","volume":"1387\u20131396","author":"Fiorentini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2013.05.055","article-title":"Transarterial chemoembolization with irinotecan beads in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases: systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Richardson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29534","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of irinotecan drug-eluting beads with simultaneous FOLFOX and bevacizumab for patients with unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastasis","volume":"121","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6178","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206178","article-title":"Safety, feasibility and technical considerations from a prospective, observational study\u2014CIREL: irinotecan-TACE for CRLM in 152 patients","volume":"11","author":"Helmberger","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-023-03446-6","article-title":"Prospective series of transarterial chemoembolization of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver with 30\u201360 \u03bcm microspheres loaded with irinotecan","volume":"46","author":"Malagari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2005.08.026","article-title":"Longterm results and prognostic indicators after cryotherapy and hepatic arterial chemotherapy with or without resection for colorectal liver metastases in 224 patients: longterm survival can be achieved in patients with multiple bilateral liver metastases","volume":"202","author":"Yan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0330","first-page":"442","article-title":"Software-based versus visual assessment of the minimal ablative margin in patients with liver tumours undergoing percutaneous thermal ablation (COVER-ALL): a randomised phase 2 trial, Lancet","volume":"10","author":"Odisio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0335","first-page":"584","article-title":"Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-025-01058-2","article-title":"Cryoablation plus sintilimab and lenvatinib in advanced or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a phase 2 trial","volume":"7","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2020.100672","article-title":"Image-guided thermal ablation for colorectal liver metastases","volume":"23","author":"Vasiniotis Kamarinos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-2025-4","article-title":"Two decades of experience with hepatic cryotherapy for advanced colorectal metastases","volume":"19","author":"Ng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/110241501753171227","article-title":"Magnetic-resonance-guided percutaneous cryoablation of hepatic tumours","volume":"167","author":"Mala","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1323.2001.02004.x","article-title":"Phase I study of percutaneous cryotherapy for colorectal liver metastasis","volume":"89","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520410000510","article-title":"Cryoablation of colorectal liver metastases: Minimally invasive tumour control","volume":"39","author":"Mala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0720048X26001658?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0720048X26001658?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:42:18Z","timestamp":1775893338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0720048X26001658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0720048X26001658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817","relation":{},"ISSN":["0720-048X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0720-048X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Path forward: Cryoablation for colorectal liver metastases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112817","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112817"}}