{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:31:53Z","timestamp":1791498713090,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,12]],"date-time":"2021-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejropen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Radiology Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T17:38:37Z","timestamp":1640021917000},"page":"100392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus. Part 1: Anatomical considerations, magnetic resonance techniques, and non-traumatic lesions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Pawel","family":"Szaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Ciszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Geijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000079485.24016.70","article-title":"Brachial plexus variations in human fetuses","volume":"53","author":"Uysal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI\/2008\/8\/6\/548","article-title":"Contributions of the fourth spinal nerve to the brachial plexus without prefixation","volume":"8","author":"Tubbs","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000230205","article-title":"The brachial plexus of nerves in man, the variations in its formation and branches","volume":"23","author":"Kerr","year":"1918","journal-title":"Am. J. Anat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.1992.7.1.19","article-title":"Variations of the ventral rami of the brachial plexus","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib5","first-page":"359","article-title":"The anterior limit of the cervico-thoracic visceral efferent nerves in man","volume":"34","author":"B","year":"1900","journal-title":"J. Anat. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2019.0081","article-title":"A prefix brachial plexus with two trunks and one anterior cord","volume":"79","author":"Natsis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Folia Morphol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091302600614","article-title":"MRI of the brachial plexus: modified imaging technique leading to a better characterization of its anatomy and pathology","volume":"26","author":"Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroradiol. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13270","article-title":"The geometry of the roots of the brachial plexus","volume":"237","author":"Wade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.05.021","article-title":"3T MR tomography of the brachial plexus: structural and microstructural evaluation","volume":"81","author":"Mallouhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-014-0297-3","article-title":"MR imaging of the brachial plexus","volume":"24","author":"Rehman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016152842","article-title":"MR Neurography of Brachial Plexus at 3.0 T with Robust Fat and Blood Suppression","volume":"283","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.01.032","article-title":"Neonatal magnetic resonance imaging without sedation correlates with injury severity in brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"42","author":"Bauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hand. Surg. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20108","article-title":"Role of magnetic resonance neurography in brachial plexus lesions","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Xu, T. Zhang, J. Chen, Z. Liu, T. Wang, Y. Hu, J. Zhang, F. Xue, Combine contrast-enhanced 3D T2-weighted short inversion time inversion recovery MR neurography with MR angiography at 1.5 T in the assessment of brachial plexopathy, MAGMA, 2020.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-020-00867-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019190218","article-title":"MRI for detecting root avulsions in traumatic adult brachial plexus injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy","volume":"293","author":"Wade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.11.003","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in post-traumatic brachial plexus injuries: a systematic review","volume":"164","author":"Fuzari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168807","article-title":"Differentiation of pre- and postganglionic nerve injury using MRI of the spinal cord","volume":"11","author":"Karalija","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35999","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35999","article-title":"Diagnostic value and surgical implications of the 3D DW-SSFP MRI on the management of patients with brachial plexus injuries","volume":"6","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Mikityansky, E.L. Zager, D.M. Yousem, L.A. Loevner, MR Imaging of the brachial plexus, Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 20(4) (2012) 791\u2013826.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2012.08.003"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.4.g00jl091023","article-title":"MR imaging of nontraumatic brachial plexopathies: frequency and spectrum of findings","volume":"20","author":"Wittenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1700","article-title":"MR imaging findings in brachial plexopathy with thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Aralasmak","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2008.08.011","article-title":"MRI of brachial plexopathies","volume":"64","author":"Sureka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.111489","article-title":"Pictorial essay: Role of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of brachial plexus pathologies","volume":"22","author":"Lawande","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Radiol. Imaging"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2015.01.006","article-title":"Characteristic MRI features of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy","volume":"37","author":"Abe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5266-4","article-title":"Brachial neuritis caused by varicella-zoster diagnosed by changes in brachial plexus on MRI","volume":"257","author":"Ayoub","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_269_19","article-title":"MR neurography in Parsonage-Turner syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Upadhyaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Radiol. Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W39","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.1136","article-title":"MRI findings of 26 patients with Parsonage-Turner syndrome","volume":"189","author":"Scalf","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2014.38.4.563","article-title":"Brachial plexus neuritis associated with streptococcus agalactiae infection: a case report","volume":"38","author":"Seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2017.11.008","article-title":"Unilateral brachial plexopathy, a rare complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection","volume":"24","author":"Robnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.22.6.27","article-title":"Tumors of the brachial plexus","volume":"22","author":"Das","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/jcis.JCIS_40_17","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of schwannomas from head to toe: a pictorial review","volume":"7","author":"Crist","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Imaging Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2012.52.2.138","article-title":"Brachial plexus tumors in a consecutive series of twenty one patients","volume":"52","author":"Go","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-008-0523-y","article-title":"Differentiation between neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis 1 evaluated by MRI","volume":"135","author":"Matsumine","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4103\/wjnm.WJNM_11_18","article-title":"Can we differentiate malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor from benign neurofibroma without invasive sampling","volume":"18","author":"Simsek","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanisms of injury in operative brachial plexus lesions","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.2.0256","article-title":"A series of 146 peripheral non-neural sheath nerve tumors: 30-year experience at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center","volume":"102","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-009-0619-3","article-title":"The prefixed and postfixed brachial plexus: a review with surgical implications","volume":"32","author":"Pellerin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg. Radiol. Anat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150221","article-title":"Imaging of the patient with thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Raptis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-019-03331-9","article-title":"Sonographically guided botulinum toxin injections in patients with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: correlation with surgical outcomes","volume":"49","author":"Donahue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Skeletal. Radiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.266055079","article-title":"Imaging assessment of thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Demondion","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.mp.2018-0004","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of the brachial plexus: a comparison between readout-segmented and conventional single-shot echo-planar imaging","volume":"18","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196975","article-title":"Diffusion tensor MRI of the healthy brachial plexus","volume":"13","author":"Oudeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2020.00019","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging for diagnosing root avulsions in traumatic adult brachial plexus injuries: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"7","author":"Wade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-011-0926-3","article-title":"New techniques in spinal imaging","volume":"53","author":"Gasparotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.82283","article-title":"Applications of 3D CISS sequence for problem solving in neuroimaging","volume":"21","author":"Hingwala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Radiol. Imaging"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Radiology Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352047721000721?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352047721000721?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:48:55Z","timestamp":1762433335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352047721000721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S2352047721000721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-0477"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-0477","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus. Part 1: Anatomical considerations, magnetic resonance techniques, and non-traumatic lesions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Radiology Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100392","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100392"}}