{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:54:09Z","timestamp":1785153249796,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejso.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T03:40:50Z","timestamp":1528256450000},"page":"1555-1561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Surgical margins in squamous cell carcinoma, different for the vulva?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Noortje","family":"Pleunis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria E.J.","family":"Leermakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneke A.","family":"van der Wurff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.J.M.","family":"Klinkhamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5878-4210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole P.M.","family":"Ezendam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorry","family":"Boll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne A.","family":"de Hullu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna M.A.","family":"Pijnenborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib1","series-title":"Dutch cancer registration database","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib2","series-title":"Factsheet gynecological malignancies","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib3","series-title":"National Dutch Guideline Gynaecologic tumors; vulvar carcinoma","year":"2011"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.08.003","article-title":"Trends in incidence and survival of Dutch women with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Schuurman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.192","article-title":"Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is often found in lesions, previously diagnosed as lichen sclerosus, which have progressed to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"van de Nieuwenhof","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31822dbe26","article-title":"Is differentiated vulval intraepithelial neoplasia the precursor lesion of human papillomavirus-negative vulval squamous cell carcinoma?","volume":"21","author":"Kokka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2008.02.012","article-title":"Review of squamous premalignant vulvar lesions","volume":"68","author":"van de Nieuwenhof","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0209","article-title":"The etiologic role of HPV in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma fine tuned","volume":"18","author":"van de Nieuwenhof","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001285","article-title":"The 2015 international Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal disease (ISSVD) Terminology of vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions","volume":"127","author":"Bornstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.0566","article-title":"Sentinel Node Dissection is safe in the treatment of early-stage vulvar cancer","volume":"26","author":"van der Zee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000625","article-title":"High incidence of erysipelas after surgical treatment for vulvar carcinoma: an observational study","volume":"26","author":"Leermakers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2015.09.077","article-title":"Sentinel nodes in vulvar cancer: long-term follow-up of the GROningen International Study on Sentinel nodes in Vulvar cancer (GROINSS-V)","volume":"140","author":"Te Grootenhuis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2016.06.019","article-title":"Adjacent lichen sclerosis predicts local recurrence and second field tumour in women with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"142","author":"Yap","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(90)90064-R","article-title":"Surgical-Pathologic variables predictive of local recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"38","author":"Heaps","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gynaecologic Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib15","first-page":"1159","article-title":"Local relapse in patients treated for squamous cell vulvar carcinoma: incidence and prognostic value","volume":"100","author":"Rouzier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib16","first-page":"2331","article-title":"Vulvar Carcinoma. The price of less radical surgery","volume":"95","author":"De Hullu","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Cancer Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.02.012","article-title":"Invasive vulvar carcinoma and the question of the surgical margin","volume":"114","author":"Palaia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib18","series-title":"National cancer institute. Vulvar cancer treatment","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib19","series-title":"Guideline vulvar carcinoma: of Obstetrics","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3811","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1778-0","article-title":"Prognostic value of pathological resection margin distance in squamous cell cancer of the vulva","volume":"18","author":"Woelber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/IGC.0b013e3181df7423","article-title":"Recurrence rate in vulvar carcinoma in relation to pathological margin distance","volume":"20","author":"Groenen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.07.006","article-title":"Tumour-free margins in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: does distance really matter?","volume":"65","author":"Nooij","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.09.038","article-title":"Role of tumour-free margin distance for loco-regional control in vulvar cancer - a subset analysis of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynakologische Onkologie CaRE-1 multicenter study","volume":"69","author":"Woelber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2015.09.024","article-title":"How important is the pathological margin distance in vulvar cancer?","volume":"41","author":"Baiocchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000975","article-title":"European society of gynaecological oncology guidelines for the management of patients with vulvar cancer","volume":"27","author":"Oonk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Canc"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.06.110","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline","volume":"51","author":"Stratigos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2014.07.030","article-title":"Anal cancer: ESMO-ESSO-ESTRO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"40","author":"Glynne-Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.02.012","article-title":"Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium","volume":"105","author":"Pecorelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70104-2","article-title":"Size of Sentinel-node metastasis and chances of non-sentinel-node involvement and survival in early-stage vulvar cancer: results from GROINSS-V, a multicentre observational study","volume":"11","author":"Oonk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2012.04.031","article-title":"Re-excision of incompletely excised cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: histological findings influence prognosis","volume":"65","author":"Bovill","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib31","first-page":"574","article-title":"Radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy through separate groin incisions","volume":"58","author":"Hacker","year":"1981","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib32","first-page":"401","article-title":"Radical inguinal node dissection in the treatment of cancer","volume":"114","author":"Byron","year":"1962","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.10.004","article-title":"Margin distance and other clinico-pathologic prognostic factors in vulvar carcinoma: a multivariate analysis","volume":"104","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynaecologic Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2013.24.3.242","article-title":"Prognostic factors associated with local recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"24","author":"Iacoponi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gynecologic Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-010-1165-3","article-title":"Adequate length of the distal resection margin in rectal cancer; from the oncological point of view","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3393\/ac.2013.29.6.231","article-title":"Association between a close distal resection margin and recurrence after a sphincter-saving resection for T3 mid- or low-rectal cancer without radiotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of coloproctology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2015.689","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression levels of p53 and eIF4E markers in histologically negative surgical margins, and their association with the clinical outcome of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib38","article-title":"Over-expression of p53, p21 and Cdc2 in histologically negative surgical margins is correlated with local recurrence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib39","article-title":"Expanding the morphologic spectrum of differentiated VIN (dVIN) through detailled mapping of cases with p53 loss","volume":"1","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)82500-X","article-title":"Adjuvant radiation for vulvar carcinoma: improved local control","volume":"38","author":"Faul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31823eed4c","article-title":"Prognostic role of lymph node metastasis in vulvar cancer and implications for adjuvant treatment","volume":"22","author":"Woelber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0748798318311119?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0748798318311119?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:28:27Z","timestamp":1760059707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0748798318311119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0748798318311119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0748-7983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0748-7983","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Surgical margins in squamous cell carcinoma, different for the vulva?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Surgical Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.05.031","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd, BASO ~ The Association for Cancer Surgery, and the European Society of Surgical Oncology. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}