{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T06:44:10Z","timestamp":1781419450663,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002947","name":"Anhui Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020xkj165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020xkj165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejso.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T14:59:30Z","timestamp":1753541970000},"page":"110352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigating the relationship between tongue diagnosis features and gastric cancer: A machine learning-based prediction model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zonglin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biaojie","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xintian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingdian","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10251","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31288-5","article-title":"Gastric cancer","volume":"396","author":"Smyth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i8.779","article-title":"Immunotherapy of gastric cancer: present status and future perspectives","volume":"30","author":"Triantafillidis","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01451-3","article-title":"Gastric cancer treatment: recent progress and future perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33386","article-title":"The role of exosomes in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction","volume":"148","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.02.015","article-title":"Fecal signatures of Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus constellatus for noninvasive screening and early warning of gastric cancer","volume":"162","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-022-00979-8","article-title":"Deep learning for gastroscopic images: computer-aided techniques for clinicians","volume":"21","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316931","article-title":"Circulating proteins as diagnostic markers in gastric cancer","volume":"24","author":"Repetto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119131","article-title":"The human gastric juice: a promising source for gastric cancer biomarkers","volume":"24","author":"Fel\u00edpez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04025","article-title":"Burdens of stomach and esophageal cancer from 1990 to 2019 and projection to 2030 in China: findings from the 2019 global burden of disease study","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.07.004","article-title":"Gastric cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Lordick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01730-8","article-title":"In-depth metaproteomics analysis of tongue coating for gastric cancer: a multicenter diagnostic research study","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib12","article-title":"Weakly supervised deep learning for tooth-marked tongue recognition","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296070","article-title":"Tongue feature dataset construction and real-time detection","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020471","article-title":"Tongue diagnosis indices for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study","volume":"99","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101834","article-title":"Development of a tongue image-based machine learning tool for the diagnosis of gastric cancer: a prospective multicentre clinical cohort study","volume":"57","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.903616","article-title":"Relationship between thick or greasy tongue-coating microbiota and tongue diagnosis in patients with primary liver cancer","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib17","article-title":"A framework to predict gastric cancer based on tongue features and deep learning","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Micromachines (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-023-02150-2","article-title":"Predicting postoperative gastric cancer prognosis based on inflammatory factors and machine learning technology","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Inf Decis Making"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.06.040","article-title":"History of artificial intelligence in medicine","volume":"92","author":"Kaul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.107096","article-title":"Human-computer interaction based health diagnostics using ResNet34 for tongue image classification","volume":"226","author":"Zhuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Progr Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/58491","article-title":"AI: bridging ancient wisdom and modern innovation in traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103631","article-title":"Accurate diagnosis and prognosis prediction of gastric cancer using deep learning on digital pathological images: a retrospective multicentre study","volume":"73","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-91836-1_14","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for precision oncology","volume":"1361","author":"Bhalla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib24","article-title":"Application of InceptionV3, SqueezeNet, and VGG16 convoluted neural networks in the image classification of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Pandiar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep learning-based multimodal spatial transcriptomics analysis for cancer","volume":"163","author":"Rajdeo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-025-01059-4","article-title":"Construction of machine learning-based models for screening the high-risk patients with gastric precancerous lesions","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib27","article-title":"Explainable machine learning models for early gastric cancer diagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-024-00963-5","article-title":"Development of an artificial intelligent model for pre-endoscopic screening of precancerous lesions in gastric cancer","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10287-9","article-title":"Deep learning model for tongue cancer diagnosis using endoscopic images","volume":"12","author":"Heo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005616","article-title":"Machine learning risk prediction model of 90-day mortality after gastrectomy for cancer","volume":"276","author":"Pera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2022.1330","article-title":"Development and validation of models to predict lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer using logistic regression and gradient boosting machine methods","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-008927","article-title":"Development and interpretation of a pathomics-driven ensemble model for predicting the response to immunotherapy in gastric cancer","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117791","article-title":"Diterpenoid tanshinones inhibit gastric cancer angiogenesis through the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"324","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7222638","article-title":"Blood stasis syndrome accelerates the growth and metastasis of breast cancer by promoting hypoxia and immunosuppressive microenvironment in mice","volume":"2022","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155995","article-title":"Taohong Siwu decoction enhances the chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin by promoting tumor vascular normalization","volume":"134","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3384209","article-title":"Deep learning multi-label tongue image analysis and its application in a population undergoing routine medical checkup","volume":"2022","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.2015238","article-title":"Autophagy mediates ER stress and inflammation in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer","volume":"14","author":"Mommersteeg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27210-x","article-title":"Tongue crack recognition using segmentation based deep learning","volume":"13","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib39","article-title":"Research and application of tongue and face diagnosis based on deep learning","volume":"8","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30459-5","article-title":"A deep learning model and human-machine fusion for prediction of EBV-associated gastric cancer from histopathology","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01034-0","article-title":"Uncovering expression signatures of synergistic drug responses via ensembles of explainable machine-learning models","volume":"7","author":"Janizek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0748798325007802?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0748798325007802?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:32:57Z","timestamp":1772775177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0748798325007802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0748798325007802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352","relation":{},"ISSN":["0748-7983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0748-7983","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigating the relationship between tongue diagnosis features and gastric cancer: A machine learning-based prediction model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Surgical Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.110352","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd, BASO ~ The Association for Cancer Surgery, and the European Society of Surgical Oncology. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110352"}}