{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:47:01Z","timestamp":1790628421901,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,5]],"date-time":"2014-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2347,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejves.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,26]],"date-time":"2007-11-26T17:09:44Z","timestamp":1196096984000},"page":"111-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The Nature of Skin Pigmentations in Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Preliminary Report"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Caggiati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Rosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Innocenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(95)70195-8","article-title":"Reporting standards in venous disease: an update. International Consensus Committee on Chronic Venous Disease","volume":"21","author":"Porter","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2003.47","article-title":"The \u201cC\u201d of CEAP: suggested definitions and refinements: an International Union of Phlebology conference of experts","volume":"37","author":"Allegra","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2002.17.5.648","article-title":"Role of Dermal Melanocytes in Cutaneous Pigmentation of Stasis Dermatitis","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-003-0382-y","article-title":"A case of non selective phagocytosis of hemosiderin and melanin of dermal hystiocytes in stasis dermatitis","volume":"295","author":"Rivera","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.09.027","article-title":"American Venous Forum International Ad Hoc Committee for Revision of the CEAP ClassificationRevision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: consensus statement","volume":"40","author":"Eklof","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000164199.72440.08","article-title":"Chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"111","author":"Eberhardt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib7","series-title":"Pathology of the skin","author":"Farmer","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008","article-title":"The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI","volume":"124","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2000.107094","article-title":"Venous severity scoring: an adjunct to venous outcome assessment","volume":"31","author":"Rutherford","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2005.07.019","article-title":"Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs\u2013UIP consensus document. Part I. Basic principles","volume":"31","author":"Coleridge Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2003.20313.x","article-title":"Melanocyte stimulation in focal dermal hypoplasia with unusual pigmented skin lesions: a histologic and immunohistochemical study","volume":"20","author":"Kanitakis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib12","article-title":"Histochemistry","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Pearse","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib13","first-page":"119","article-title":"Alterations in the epidermal-dermal melanin axis and factor XIIIa melanophages in seile lentigo and ageing skin","volume":"155","author":"Unver","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2003.147","article-title":"Appraisal of the information content of the C classes of CEAP clinical classification of chronic venous disorders: a multicenter evaluation of 872 patients","volume":"37","author":"Carpentier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib15","first-page":"141","article-title":"Electron microscopic study of histological pigmentary incontinence\u2013methods of melanosome translocation from the epidermis to the dermis","volume":"32","author":"Nagao","year":"1986","journal-title":"Fukushima J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib16","first-page":"303","article-title":"Note sur la nature mixte, hematique et melanique, des pigmentations en phlebologie","volume":"36","author":"Chatard","year":"1983","journal-title":"Phlebologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00040.x","article-title":"Melanosome degradation: fact or fiction","volume":"16","author":"Borovansky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000154419.18653.2e","article-title":"Light microscopic, himmunohistochemical and ultrastrctural alteraztions in patients with melasma","volume":"27","author":"Grimes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S274","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1993.49","article-title":"Non-melanosomal regulatory factors in melanogenesis","volume":"100","author":"Shibata","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib20","first-page":"1915","article-title":"Influence of inflammatory mediators and cytokines on human melanocyte function","volume":"100","author":"Morelli","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(93)90109-Y","article-title":"Leukocytes: their role on the etiopathogenesis of skin damage in venous disease","volume":"17","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2002.1976","article-title":"Microangiopathy in chronic venous insufficiency: quantitative assessment by capillary microscopy","volume":"26","author":"Howlader","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.12.065","article-title":"Use of microcirculatory parameters to evacuate chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"43","author":"Virgini-Megalhaes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1085-5629(97)80034-X","article-title":"Postinflammatory hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation","volume":"16","author":"Ruiz Maldonado","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.04.003","article-title":"Hemochromatosis C282Y gene mutation increases the risk of venous leg ulceration","volume":"42","author":"Zamboni","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.01.026","article-title":"The overlapping of local iron overload and HFE mutation in venous leg ulcer pathogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Zamboni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes of capillaries in chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"48","author":"Wenner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Exp Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(97)70091-0","article-title":"Morphometric assessment of the dermal microcirculation in patients with chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"26","author":"Pappas","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078588407005333?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078588407005333?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T10:42:32Z","timestamp":1761043352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1078588407005333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1078588407005333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-5884"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-5884","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Nature of Skin Pigmentations in Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Preliminary Report","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}