{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T18:37:44Z","timestamp":1764873464576,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejves.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]],"date-time":"2017-03-22T12:35:13Z","timestamp":1490186113000},"page":"744-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Preferred Management of Primary Deep Arm Vein Thrombosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"F.J.","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Paulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Poodts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0313-9174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"G\u00e1ndara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(88)80069-0","article-title":"Deep vein thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian veins: epidemiologic data, effects of different types of treatment and late sequelae","volume":"2","author":"Lindblad","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcps021566","article-title":"Clinical problem-solving. The unusual suspect","volume":"347","author":"Bliss","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000031705.57473.1C","article-title":"Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis","volume":"106","author":"Joffe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.051276","article-title":"Management of deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity","volume":"126","author":"Engelberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2005.05.029","article-title":"The post-thrombotic syndrome after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in adults: a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Elman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1160\/TH12-05-0352","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of upper extremity deep-vein thrombosis in adults","volume":"108","author":"Grant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000130","article-title":"The postthrombotic syndrome: evidence-based prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"130","author":"Kahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1008740","article-title":"Clinical practice. Deep-vein thrombosis of the upper extremities","volume":"364","author":"Kucher","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib9","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Kearon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.38.4.737","article-title":"Primary subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis","volume":"38","author":"Swinton","year":"1968","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(77)90133-7","article-title":"Natural history of the leg amputee","volume":"133","author":"Couch","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)90004-A","article-title":"Improved management of the Paget-Schroetter syndrome secondary to thoracic outlet compression","volume":"52","author":"Urschel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib13","first-page":"923","article-title":"\u201cEffort\u201d thrombosis of the axillary and subclavian veins","volume":"11","author":"Adams","year":"1971","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.04.050","article-title":"Preoperative thrombolysis and venoplasty affords no benefit in patency following first rib resection and scalenectomy for subacute and chronic subclavian vein thrombosis","volume":"52","author":"Guzzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2007.07.017","article-title":"Management of effort thrombosis of the subclavian vein: today's treatment","volume":"21","author":"Doyle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.03.021","article-title":"Surgery remains the most effective treatment for Paget-Schroetter syndrome: 50 years' experience","volume":"86","author":"Urschel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.01.024","article-title":"Primary upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: clinical characteristics and outcome according to the presence of thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Riera-Mestre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.140.1.54","article-title":"Thoracic outlet decompression for subclavian vein thrombosis: experience in 71 patients","volume":"140","author":"Divi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s100169900042","article-title":"Subclavian vein thrombosis: outcome analysis based on etiology and modality of treatment","volume":"11","author":"Beygui","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2001.111664","article-title":"Long-term results in patients treated with thrombolysis, thoracic inlet decompression, and subclavian vein stenting for Paget-Schroetter syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Kreienberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib21","first-page":"414","article-title":"Need for emergency treatment in subclavian vein effort thrombosis","volume":"181","author":"Molina","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1007\/S10016-006-9106-z","article-title":"The importance of thrombophilia in the treatment of Paget-Schroetter syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Cassada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(98)70012-6","article-title":"Early operative intervention after thrombolytic therapy for primary subclavian vein thrombosis: an effective treatment approach","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(98)70052-7","article-title":"Surgical management of subclavian-vein effort thrombosis as a result of thoracic outlet compression","volume":"28","author":"Azakie","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(96)70043-5","article-title":"Initial experience with venous stents in exertional axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis","volume":"24","author":"Meier","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30515","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(93)90416-J","article-title":"Evaluation of a new treatment strategy for Paget-Schroetter syndrome: spontaneous thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian vein","volume":"17","author":"Machleder","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.07.028","article-title":"Combination treatment of venous thoracic outlet syndrome: open surgical decompression and intraoperative angioplasty","volume":"40","author":"Schneider","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2013.02.029","article-title":"Outcomes of surgical paraclavicular thoracic outlet decompression","volume":"28","author":"Desai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s100169900025","article-title":"A\u00a0multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of Paget-Schroetter syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Adelman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib30","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of Paget-Schroetter syndrome. A case series of eight patients","volume":"51","author":"Rosa\u00a0Salazar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"issue":"7464","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38167.684444.3A","article-title":"The long term clinical course of acute deep vein thrombosis of the arm: prospective cohort study","volume":"329","author":"Prandoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9810","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61753-4","article-title":"Long-term outcome after additional catheter-directed thrombolysis versus standard treatment for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (the CaVenT study): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"379","author":"Enden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.12.081","article-title":"Early thrombus removal strategies for acute deep venous thrombosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum","volume":"55","author":"Meissner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.3415","article-title":"Comparative outcomes of catheter-directed thrombolysis plus anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone to treat lower-extremity proximal deep vein thrombosis","volume":"174","author":"Bashir","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2012.04662.x","article-title":"Duration of anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of an unprovoked pulmonary embolus or deep vein thrombosis: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH","volume":"10","author":"Baglin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2015.01.016","article-title":"ACR appropriateness criteria imaging in the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Moriarty","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000137123.55051.9B","article-title":"Risk factors and recurrence rate of primary deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities","volume":"110","author":"Martinelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506623","article-title":"Screening for occult cancer in unprovoked venous thromboembolism","volume":"373","author":"Carrier","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2012.09249.x","article-title":"Guidelines on the investigation and management of venous thrombosis at unusual sites","volume":"159","author":"Tait","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(03)00093-8","article-title":"Treatment of subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis: long-term out-come of anticoagulation versus systemic thrombolysis","volume":"108","author":"Sabeti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.12.022","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive review of Paget-Schroetter syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Illig","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2015.02.006","article-title":"Acute Paget-Schroetter syndrome: does the first rib routinely need to be removed after thrombolysis?","volume":"29","author":"Lugo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13291","article-title":"Current management strategies and long-term clinical outcomes of upper extremity venous thrombosis","volume":"14","author":"Bleker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib44","first-page":"362","article-title":"Current use of low molecular weight heparins","volume":"9","author":"Donayre","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sem Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80262-4","article-title":"Fibrinolytic therapy for idiopathic subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis","volume":"159","author":"Wilson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1989.01410100055010","article-title":"Treatment of Paget-Schroetter syndrome. A staged, multidisciplinary approach","volume":"124","author":"Kunkel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Surg"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078588417300709?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078588417300709?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:46:44Z","timestamp":1761047204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1078588417300709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1078588417300709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-5884"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1078-5884"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preferred Management of Primary Deep Arm Vein Thrombosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.11.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}