{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:42:35Z","timestamp":1793295755064,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004320","name":"Philips","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer AG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejves.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T02:30:59Z","timestamp":1762482659000},"page":"354-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rivaroxaban Does Not Alter Carotid Plaque Echolucency, Volume, or Neovascularisation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0763-1898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majken L.","family":"Jessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9194-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Collet-Billon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7930-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Eiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Sillesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaj","family":"Eldrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12403","article-title":"Usefulness of carotid plaque (sum and maximum of plaque thickness) in combination with intima-media thickness for the detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Akazawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13007","article-title":"Carotid ultrasound maximum plaque height: a sensitive imaging biomarker for the assessment of significant coronary artery disease","volume":"33","author":"Johri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000303969.63165.34","article-title":"Carotid plaque, a subclinical precursor of vascular events: the Northern Manhattan Study","volume":"70","author":"Rundek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jex239","article-title":"Carotid plaque thickness and carotid plaque burden predict future cardiovascular events in asymptomatic adult Americans","volume":"19","author":"Sillesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib5","first-page":"3","article-title":"Evidence-based management of carotid stenosis: recommendations from international guidelines","volume":"53","author":"Eckstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.033","article-title":"Subclinical atherosclerosis burden by 3D ultrasound in mid-life: the PESA study","volume":"70","author":"L\u00f3pez-Melgar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000042674.89762.20","article-title":"Neutrophil infiltration of culprit lesions in acute coronary syndromes","volume":"106","author":"Naruko","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00048.2003","article-title":"Dual role of matrix metalloproteinases (matrixins) in intimal thickening and atherosclerotic plaque rupture","volume":"85","author":"Newby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.507988","article-title":"Critical cap thickness and rupture in symptomatic carotid plaques: the oxford plaque study","volume":"39","author":"Redgrave","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"Suppl. 8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.065","article-title":"Pathology of the vulnerable plaque","volume":"47","author":"Virmani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2415","article-title":"The multifaceted contributions of leukocyte subsets to atherosclerosis: lessons from mouse models","volume":"8","author":"Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(05)80005-X","article-title":"Computer-assisted carotid plaque characterisation","volume":"9","author":"El-Barghouty","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.04.021","article-title":"Recommendations for the assessment of carotid arterial plaque by ultrasound for the characterization of atherosclerosis and evaluation of cardiovascular risk: from the American Society of Echocardiography","volume":"33","author":"Johri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2017.06.021","article-title":"Editor\u2019s Choice \u2013 management of atherosclerotic carotid and vertebral artery disease: 2017 clinical practice guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)","volume":"55","author":"Naylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/hc2601.091704","article-title":"Ultrasonic echolucent carotid plaques predict future strokes","volume":"104","author":"Gr\u00f8nholdt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx095","article-title":"2017 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal","volume":"39","author":"Aboyans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","article-title":"2019 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk","volume":"41","author":"Mach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht108","article-title":"ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: the task force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and developed in collaboration","volume":"34","author":"Ryd\u00e9n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32409-1","article-title":"Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"391","author":"Anand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.008","article-title":"Major Adverse Limb Events and Mortality in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: The COMPASS Trial","volume":"71","author":"Anand","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32458-3","article-title":"Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable coronary artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"391","author":"Connolly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib22","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of participants in the cardiovascular outcomes for people using anticoagulation strategies (COMPASS) trial","volume":"33","author":"Bosch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709118","article-title":"Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease","volume":"377","author":"Eikelboom","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2021.1956284","article-title":"Rivaroxaban protects from the oxysterol-induced damage and inflammatory activation of the vascular endothelium","volume":"9","author":"Gorzelak-Pabis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.09.006","article-title":"Coagulation factor Xa induces an inflammatory signalling by activation of protease-activated receptors in human atrial tissue","volume":"718","author":"Bukowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-017-0962-y","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of factor-Xa inhibitors in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"32","author":"Katoh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.030","article-title":"Rivaroxaban, in combination with low-dose aspirin, is associated with a reduction in proinflammatory and prothrombotic circulating vesicle signatures in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"23","author":"Weiss","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1701206","article-title":"Effects of rivaroxaban on biomarkers of coagulation and inflammation: a post hoc analysis of the X-VeRT trial","volume":"4","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2020","journal-title":"TH Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib29","first-page":"2525","article-title":"Inflammation during the life cycle of the atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"117","author":"Libby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbplus.2024.100141","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the extracellular matrix of human atherosclerotic plaques shows marked changes between plaque types","volume":"21","author":"Lorentzen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Matrix Biol Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c332","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"340","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.02.026","article-title":"Short-term progression of multiterritorial subclinical atherosclerosis","volume":"75","author":"L\u00f3pez-Melgar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/016173469001200105","article-title":"Backscatter coefficient measurements using a reference phantom to extract depth-dependent instrumentation factors","volume":"12","author":"Yao","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ultrason Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.01.005","article-title":"New 3-dimensional volumetric ultrasound method for accurate quantification of atherosclerotic plaque volume","volume":"15","author":"L\u00f3pez-Melgar","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease \u2013 application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association","volume":"107","author":"Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez070","article-title":"Carotid intraplaque neovascularization predicts coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events","volume":"20","author":"Mantella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032782","article-title":"Quantitative benefit\u2013risk evaluation of rivaroxaban in patients after peripheral arterial revascularization: the VOYAGER PAD trial","volume":"13","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(05)80194-7","article-title":"Carotid artery plaque composition: relationship to clinical presentation and ultrasound B-mode imaging","volume":"10","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(97)80121-9","article-title":"Lipid-rich carotid artery plaques appear echolucent on ultrasound B-mode images and may be associated with intraplaque haemorrhage","volume":"14","author":"Gr\u00f8nholdt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000157599.10026.ad","article-title":"Stratified gray-scale median analysis and color mapping of the carotid plaque: correlation with endarterectomy specimen histology of 28 patients","volume":"36","author":"Sztajzel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2022.01.028","article-title":"Echolucent carotid plaques becomes more echogenic over time: A 3D ultrasound study","volume":"84","author":"Urbak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.12.011","article-title":"Intensive lipid-lowering therapy ameliorates novel calcification markers and GSM score in patients with carotid stenosis","volume":"35","author":"Kadoglou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.07.119","article-title":"Aggressive lipid-lowering is more effective than moderate lipid-lowering treatment in carotid plaque stabilization","volume":"51","author":"Kadoglou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jet251","article-title":"Long-term effects of maximally intensive statin therapy on changes in coronary atheroma composition: insights from SATURN","volume":"15","author":"Puri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16951","article-title":"Effect of evolocumab on progression of coronary disease in statin-treated patients: the GLAGOV randomized clinical trial","volume":"316","author":"Nicholls","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1515\/tnsci-2020-0115","article-title":"Correlation between calcium, water contents and ultrasonographic appearance of atherosclerotic lesions of carotid artery lesions","volume":"11","author":"F\u00fclesdi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.9.2189","article-title":"Reproducibility of computer-quantified carotid plaque echogenicity: can we overcome the subjectivity?","volume":"31","author":"Sabetai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078588425010676?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078588425010676?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:26:34Z","timestamp":1776039994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1078588425010676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1078588425010676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-5884"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-5884","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rivaroxaban Does Not Alter Carotid Plaque Echolucency, Volume, or Neovascularisation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2025.10.056","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Society for Vascular Surgery.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}