{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:58:58Z","timestamp":1767707938616,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","jwfo.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T02:27:59Z","timestamp":1651458479000},"page":"125-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence of white spot lesions and risk factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9144-8262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M.","family":"Burnheimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn G.","family":"Serio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda H.","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9921-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lily A.","family":"Hartsock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0001","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on orthodontic patients in China: an analysis of posts on Weibo","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520914246","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine","volume":"99","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104685","article-title":"Social media and telemedicine for oral diagnosis and counselling in the COVID-19 era","volume":"105","author":"Machado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.12.016","article-title":"Appointment impact and orthodontic emergency occurrence during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a retrospective study","volume":"161","author":"Xiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90548-6","article-title":"Enamel demineralization following orthodontic treatment","volume":"82","author":"Mizrahi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2319\/073118-553.1","article-title":"Incidence of white spot lesions among patients treated with clear aligners and traditional braces","volume":"89","author":"Buschang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510376046","article-title":"New approaches to enhanced remineralization of tooth enamel","volume":"89","author":"Cochrane","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0008","first-page":"122","article-title":"Interventions for orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"H\u00f6chli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.10.010","article-title":"Is resin infiltration an effective esthetic treatment for enamel development defects and white spot lesions? A systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Borges","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-020-2057-x","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment options for anterior white spot lesions","volume":"229","author":"Sampson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.019","article-title":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cabezas C. Risk factors for incidence and severity of white spot lesions during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"138","author":"Chapman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.2319\/071712-584.1","article-title":"Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment","volume":"83","author":"Julien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70133-8","article-title":"The validation of the Peer Assessment Rating index for malocclusion severity and treatment difficulty","volume":"107","author":"DeGuzman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/14.2.125","article-title":"The development of the PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): reliability and validity","volume":"14","author":"Richmond","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/14.3.180","article-title":"The PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): methods to determine outcome of orthodontic treatment in terms of improvement and standards","volume":"14","author":"Richmond","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000081655","article-title":"Caries prevalence measured with QLF after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances: influencing factors","volume":"39","author":"Boersma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90032-X","article-title":"Incidence of white spot formation after bonding and banding","volume":"81","author":"Gorelick","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2319\/041515-249.1","article-title":"A practice-based evaluation of the prevalence and predisposing etiology of white spot lesions","volume":"86","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(83)90348-2","article-title":"Surface distribution of enamel opacities following orthodontic treatment","volume":"84","author":"Mizrahi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(89)90327-2","article-title":"Prevalence of white spot lesions in 19-year-olds: a study on untreated and orthodontically treated persons 5 years after treatment","volume":"96","author":"Ogaard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2319\/010915-19.1","article-title":"Usefulness of an app in improving oral hygiene compliance in adolescent orthodontic patients","volume":"86","author":"Zotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/25.3.217","article-title":"The in vitro detection of early enamel de- and remineralization adjacent to bonded orthodontic cleats using quantitative light-induced fluorescence","volume":"25","author":"Pretty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"}],"container-title":["Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212443822000236?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212443822000236?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T22:19:16Z","timestamp":1761949156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2212443822000236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2212443822000236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-4438"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2212-4438"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of white spot lesions and risk factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejwf.2022.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 World Federation of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}