{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:15:02Z","timestamp":1790039702995,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kireports.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney International Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T11:44:36Z","timestamp":1600429476000},"page":"2333-2340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Low-Level Proteinuria in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5454-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Chedid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni M.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Peyronel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2490-025X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Menez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed G.","family":"Atta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena M.","family":"Bagnasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lois J.","family":"Arend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avi Z.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek M.","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev311","article-title":"The frequency and outcome of lupus nephritis: results from an international inception cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Hanly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20683","article-title":"Systematic review of the epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus in the Asia-Pacific region: prevalence, incidence, clinical features, and mortality","volume":"64","author":"Jakes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203302lu158oa","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. XII. Risk factors for lupus nephritis after diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Bastian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199905000-00002","article-title":"Renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. A study of 180 patients from a single center","volume":"78","author":"Huong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00291150","article-title":"Relation between serological data at the time of biopsy and renal histology in lupus nephritis","volume":"11","author":"Nossent","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib6","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Kidney biopsy in SLE. I. A clinical-morphologic evaluation","volume":"73","author":"Gladman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Q\u00a0J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000140218.77174.0A","article-title":"Management of lupus nephritis: an update","volume":"15","author":"Houssiau","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201940","article-title":"Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR\/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis","volume":"71","author":"Bertsias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21664","article-title":"American College of Rheumatology guidelines for screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis","volume":"64","author":"Hahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immunopathology of early and clinically silent lupus nephropathy","volume":"87","author":"Cavallo","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197711000-00004","article-title":"Lupus nephropathy without clinical renal involvement","volume":"56","author":"Mahajan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(82)80007-3","article-title":"Natural history of \u201csilent\u201d lupus nephritis","volume":"1","author":"Bennett","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(96)80027-8","article-title":"Outcome of silent lupus nephritis","volume":"26","author":"Gonzalez-Crespo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu259oa","article-title":"Silent nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"12","author":"Zabaleta-Lanz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c105","DOI":"10.1159\/000081551","article-title":"Renal outcome and predictors of clinical renal involvement in patients with silent lupus nephritis","volume":"98","author":"Wada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib16","first-page":"332","article-title":"Renal biopsy in lupus patients with low levels of proteinuria","volume":"34","author":"Christopher-Stine","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110532","article-title":"Frequency of class III and IV nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus without clinical renal involvement: an analysis of predictive measures","volume":"39","author":"Wakasugi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu343","article-title":"Low complements and high titre of anti-Sm antibody as predictors of histopathologically proven silent lupus nephritis without abnormal urinalysis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"54","author":"Ishizaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.899973","article-title":"Urinary albumin levels are independently associated with renal lesion severity in patients with lupus nephritis and little or no proteinuria","volume":"23","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555564160163","article-title":"Silent lupus nephritis among patients with discoid lupus erythematosus","volume":"64","author":"Roujeau","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214819","article-title":"2019 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"78","author":"Aringer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2011.33","article-title":"Prevention and Treatment of AKI","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl (2011)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A\u00a0new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000108969.21691.5D","article-title":"The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited","volume":"15","author":"Weening","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)90338-8","article-title":"Prognostic factors in lupus nephritis. Contribution of renal histologic data","volume":"75","author":"Austin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203306070002","article-title":"Further description of early clinically silent lupus nephritis","volume":"15","author":"Zabaleta-Lanz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203312439334","article-title":"Predictors of kidney biopsy complication among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.05.021","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective observational cohort study highlights kidney biopsy findings of lupus nephritis patients in remission who flare following withdrawal of maintenance therapy","volume":"94","author":"De Rosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.07.018","article-title":"Kidney biopsy-based management of maintenance immunosuppression is safe and may ameliorate flare rate in lupus nephritis","volume":"97","author":"Malvar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212732","article-title":"Changing patterns in clinical-histological presentation and renal outcome over the last five decades in a cohort of 499 patients with lupus nephritis","volume":"77","author":"Moroni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90645-0","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with lupus nephritis. A study based on the classification of the World Health Organization","volume":"83","author":"Appel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-011-1778-2","article-title":"Predictive value of remission status after 6 months induction therapy in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis: a retrospective analysis","volume":"30","author":"So","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20116","article-title":"Long-term mortality and renal outcome in a cohort of 100 patients with lupus nephritis","volume":"62","author":"Faurschou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.70","article-title":"Predicting renal outcomes in severe lupus nephritis: contributions of clinical and histologic data","volume":"45","author":"Austin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["Kidney International Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468024920315229?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468024920315229?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T03:34:52Z","timestamp":1762832092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468024920315229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468024920315229"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-0249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-0249","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Low-Level Proteinuria in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Kidney International Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}