{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T21:01:10Z","timestamp":1784667670314,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1197337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1197337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kireports.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney International Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:30:18Z","timestamp":1770683418000},"page":"106346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevention of Recurrent Kidney Stones: A CARI Guidelines Summary"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Tunnicliffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Mullan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Mallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ieuan","family":"Wickham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadya","family":"York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia E.","family":"Abdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brydee","family":"Cashmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hicham Cheikh","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Boag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhadran","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Coolican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Fortnum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rathika","family":"Krishnasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Light","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmy","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Scuderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Viecelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2017.04.001","article-title":"Burden of urolithiasis: trends in prevalence, treatments, and costs","volume":"3","author":"Raheem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.09012.x","article-title":"Seasonal variation in the acute presentation of urinary calculi over 8 years in Auckland, New Zealand","volume":"106","author":"Lo","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib3","first-page":"44","article-title":"Review of acute symptomatic urolithiasis in Auckland","volume":"131","author":"Loeff","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib4","first-page":"49","article-title":"Renal stone disease in Christchurch, New Zealand. Part 1: Presentation and epidemiology","volume":"122","author":"Davidson","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-017-0160-9","article-title":"A comparative, epidemiological study of acute renal colic presentations to emergency departments in Doha, Qatar, and Melbourne, Australia","volume":"11","author":"Pathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib6","first-page":"13","article-title":"Temporal trends of acute nephrolithiasis in Auckland, New Zealand","volume":"122","author":"Du","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib7","first-page":"2148","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with renal colic in Korea","volume":"12","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-005-3622-6","article-title":"Diagnostic and treatment patterns for renal colic in US emergency departments","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.09.10","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of acute abdominal pain in a large urban Emergency Department: retrospective analysis of 5,340 cases","volume":"4","author":"Cervellin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04160-w","article-title":"Identifying and integrating consumer-prioritised topics and outcomes in clinical practice guidelines on managing kidney stones","volume":"26","author":"Tunnicliffe","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.11.001","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and paracetamol in the treatment of acute renal colic","volume":"73","author":"Pathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12649","article-title":"'Like a ticking time bomb': a qualitative study exploring the illness experiences of adults with kidney stone disease","volume":"28","author":"Richards","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64546-6","article-title":"When is medical prophylaxis cost-effective for recurrent calcium stones?","volume":"168","author":"Chandhoke","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E347","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.4218","article-title":"CUA guideline on the evaluation and medical management of the kidney stone patient - 2016 update","volume":"10","author":"Dion","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000428","article-title":"Preventive pharmacological therapy and risk of recurrent urinary stone disease","volume":"19","author":"Arivoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-005-0463-9","article-title":"International comparison of cost effectiveness of medical management strategies for nephrolithiasis","volume":"33","author":"Lotan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.006","article-title":"Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline","volume":"192","author":"Pearle","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib19","series-title":"EAU Guidelines (edn)","article-title":"Urolithiasis","author":"Skolarikos","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209275","article-title":"Hydrochlorothiazide and prevention of kidney-stone recurrence","volume":"388","author":"Dhayat","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.03.013","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations","volume":"66","author":"Andrews","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib23","article-title":"GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks: a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. 1: Introduction","volume":"353","author":"Alonso-Coello","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2024.111330","article-title":"Consumer involvement in the development and dissemination of chronic kidney disease guidelines: a summary of a meaningful and sustainable approach developed by CARI Guidelines","volume":"170","author":"Scholes-Robertson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.3414","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of low-dose CT for the detection of urolithiasis: a meta-analysis","volume":"191","author":"Niemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1159\/000488062","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of low and ultra-low dose CT for identification of urinary tract stones: a systematic review","volume":"100","author":"Rodger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib27","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical signs, symptoms, and imaging findings in patients with suspected renal colic","volume":"3","author":"Dahm","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2252020101","article-title":"CT in detecting urinary tract calculi: influence on patient imaging and clinical outcomes","volume":"225","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404446","article-title":"Ultrasonography versus computed tomography for suspected nephrolithiasis","volume":"371","author":"Smith-Bindman","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80080-1","article-title":"Ambulatory evaluation of nephrolithiasis: an update of a 1980 protocol","volume":"98","author":"Levy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000141498.11720.20","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of medical management strategies for nephrolithiasis","volume":"172","author":"Lotan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.08.080","article-title":"Prevalence of 24-hour urine collection in high risk stone formers","volume":"191","author":"Milose","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib33","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and non-opioids for acute renal colic","volume":"2015","author":"Afshar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2017.05.011","article-title":"Pharmacologic interventions to treat renal colic pain in acute stone episodes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Garc\u00eda-Perdomo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00096","article-title":"Increasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and reducing opioids or paracetamol in the management of acute renal colic: based on three-stage study design of network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500120075029","article-title":"Ethnicity as a risk factor for inadequate emergency department analgesia","volume":"269","author":"Todd","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6428","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176428","article-title":"Opioid pain medication prescription for chronic pain in primary care centers: the roles of pain acceptance, pain intensity, depressive symptoms, pain catastrophizing, sex, and age","volume":"17","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Maestre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib40","first-page":"Cd004292","article-title":"Water for preventing urinary stones","volume":"2","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66321-3","article-title":"Urinary volume, water and recurrences in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis: a 5-year randomized prospective study","volume":"155","author":"Borghi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-006-0040-x","article-title":"The effect of calcium channel blockers on stone regrowth and recurrence after shock wave lithotripsy","volume":"34","author":"Sarica","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-015-0210-4","article-title":"Treatment effect, adherence, and safety of high fluid intake for the prevention of incident and recurrent kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Cheungpasitporn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib44","article-title":"Self-fluid management in prevention of kidney stones: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"94","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.001","article-title":"The role of sodium intake in nephrolithiasis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and future directions","volume":"35","author":"Afsar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-01925-3","article-title":"Dietary and lifestyle factors for primary prevention of nephrolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28614","article-title":"Effects of a low-salt diet on idiopathic hypercalciuria in calcium-oxalate stone formers: a 3-mo randomized controlled trial","volume":"91","author":"Nouvenne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010369","article-title":"Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria","volume":"346","author":"Borghi","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000127864.26968.7F","article-title":"Dependence of oxalate absorption on the daily calcium intake","volume":"15","author":"von Unruh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2021.0581","article-title":"Is it time to retire the low-oxalate diet? Yes","volume":"35","author":"Penniston","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.11.022","article-title":"Urinary lithogenic risk profile in recurrent stone formers with hyperoxaluria: a randomized controlled trial comparing DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)-style and low-oxalate diets","volume":"63","author":"Noori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007020219","article-title":"Oxalate intake and the risk for nephrolithiasis","volume":"18","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.7762\/cnr.2015.4.3.137","article-title":"Nutritional management of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis)","volume":"4","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097656","article-title":"Comparison of high vs. normal\/low protein diets on renal function in subjects without chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05782-8","article-title":"Recurrent renal stone disease-advances in pathogenesis and clinical management","volume":"358","author":"Bihl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.05.005","article-title":"Primary contributors to dietary acid load in patients with urolithiasis","volume":"33","author":"Betz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-016-0950-1","article-title":"Effect of potassium citrate supplement on stone recurrence before or after lithotripsy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urolithiasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib58","article-title":"Citrate salts for preventing and treating calcium containing kidney stones in adults [Review]","volume":"2015","author":"Phillips","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.03.002","article-title":"The effect of sodium bicarbonate upon urinary citrate excretion in calcium stone formers","volume":"82","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.02.1398","article-title":"Update thiazide diuretic evidence review for CARI guidelines kidney stones recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Tunnicliffe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.06.030","article-title":"Leave NOSTONE unturned: are thiazides useless in preventing kidney stone recurrence?","volume":"104","author":"Brazier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198611273152204","article-title":"Randomized trial of allopurinol in the prevention of calcium oxalate calculi","volume":"315","author":"Ettinger","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01760213","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of febuxostat versus allopurinol or placebo in individuals with higher urinary uric acid excretion and calcium stones","volume":"8","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2011-y","article-title":"Acute kidney injury associated with febuxostat and allopurinol: a post-marketing study","volume":"21","author":"Rey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2022.04.031","article-title":"Comparison of empiric preventative pharmacologic therapies on stone recurrence among patients with kidney stone disease","volume":"166","author":"Hsi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib66","author":"Graham"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E839","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.090449","article-title":"AGREE II: Advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care","volume":"182","author":"Brouwers","year":"2010","journal-title":"CMAJ"}],"container-title":["Kidney International Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468024926025775?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468024926025775?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T20:03:08Z","timestamp":1784664188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468024926025775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468024926025775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-0249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-0249","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevention of Recurrent Kidney Stones: A CARI Guidelines Summary","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Kidney International Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106346","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier, Inc., on behalf of the International Society of Nephrology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106346"}}