{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:01:25Z","timestamp":1790935285560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kireports.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney International Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:02:43Z","timestamp":1784736163000},"page":"106707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Kidney Allograft Outcomes in Borderline and T Cell-Mediated Rejection With Microvascular Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wai H.","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Teixeira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Gately","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharshana","family":"Sabanayagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Ooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Boroumand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K Shuvo","family":"Bakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Pilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Mulley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Nankivell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kanellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Nickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germaine","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018111101","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients: an ANZDATA analysis","volume":"30","author":"Clayton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16883","article-title":"The negative impact of T cell-mediated rejection on renal allograft survival in the modern era","volume":"22","author":"Rampersad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15860","article-title":"Evidence for the alloimmune basis and prognostic significance of Borderline T cell-mediated rejection","volume":"20","author":"Wiebe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15197","article-title":"The clinical and pathological significance of borderline T cell-mediated rejection","volume":"19","author":"Nankivell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13423","article-title":"Changing kidney allograft histology early posttransplant: prognostic implications of 1-year protocol biopsies","volume":"16","author":"Cosio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.01230.x","article-title":"Subclinical rejection associated with chronic allograft nephropathy in protocol biopsies as a risk factor for late graft loss","volume":"6","author":"Moreso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04013.x","article-title":"Evolution and clinical pathologic correlations of de novo donor-specific HLA antibody post kidney transplant","volume":"12","author":"Wiebe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004121130","article-title":"Frequency and clinical implications of development of donor-specific and non-donor-specific HLA antibodies after kidney transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Hourmant","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12370","article-title":"Kidney allograft survival after acute rejection, the value of follow-up biopsies","volume":"13","author":"El Ters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000448","article-title":"De novo donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies in nonsensitized kidney transplant recipients after T cell-mediated rejection","volume":"99","author":"Chemouny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002049","article-title":"The treatment of antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03931.x","article-title":"A new diagnostic algorithm for antibody-mediated microcirculation inflammation in kidney transplants","volume":"12","author":"Sis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03364.x","article-title":"Significance of C4d Banff scores in early protocol biopsies of kidney transplant recipients with preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSA)","volume":"11","author":"Loupy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12590","article-title":"Banff 2013 meeting report: Inclusion of C4d-negative antibody-mediated rejection and antibody-associated arterial lesions","volume":"14","author":"Haas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2023.10.016","article-title":"The Banff 2022 Kidney Meeting Report: reappraisal of microvascular inflammation and the role of biopsy-based transcript diagnostics","volume":"24","author":"Naesens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2022.11.009","article-title":"Sensitization in transplantation: assessment of Risk 2022 Working Group Meeting Report","volume":"23","author":"Tambur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020040433","article-title":"Missing self-induced activation of NK cells combines with non-complement-fixing donor-specific antibodies to accelerate kidney transplant loss in chronic antibody-mediated rejection","volume":"32","author":"Koenig","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2022.12.018","article-title":"Microvascular inflammation in the absence of human leukocyte antigen-donor-specific antibody and C4d: an orphan category in Banff classification with cytotoxic T and natural killer cell infiltration","volume":"23","author":"Buxeda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020111558","article-title":"Missing self-induced microvascular rejection of kidney allografts: a population-based study","volume":"32","author":"Callemeyn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13113-5","article-title":"Missing self triggers NK cell-mediated chronic vascular rejection of solid organ transplants","volume":"10","author":"Koenig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2024.07.023","article-title":"The relationship of microvascular inflammation with antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Nankivell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000005224","article-title":"Early and late microvascular inflammation have differing etiological causes and clinical expression","volume":"109","author":"Nankivell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2408835","article-title":"Microvascular inflammation of kidney allografts and clinical outcomes","volume":"392","author":"Sablik","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib24","article-title":"Expanding the scope of microvascular inflammation: unveiling its presence beyond antibody-mediated rejection into T-cell mediated contexts","volume":"37","author":"Varol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44912-0","article-title":"HLA class I peptide polymorphisms contribute to class II DQbeta0603:DQalpha0103 antibody specificity","volume":"15","author":"Shih","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2026.01.018","article-title":"The Banff 2024 Kidney meeting report: rejection as a spectrum of phenotypes and focus on non-rejection glomerular disease","volume":"26","author":"Naesens","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15898","article-title":"The Banff 2019 Kidney Meeting Report (I): Updates on and clarification of criteria for T cell- and antibody-mediated rejection","volume":"20","author":"Loupy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.276","article-title":"Clinical and molecular significance of microvascular inflammation in transplant kidney biopsies","volume":"89","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03970.x","article-title":"Interpreting NK cell transcripts versus T cell transcripts in renal transplant biopsies","volume":"12","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00570122","article-title":"Association of HLA mismatches and histology suggestive of antibody-mediated injury in the absence of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies","volume":"17","author":"Senev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00421.x","article-title":"Lesions of T-cell-mediated kidney allograft rejection in mice do not require perforin or granzymes A and B","volume":"4","author":"Halloran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14410","article-title":"Mechanistic sharing between NK cells in ABMR and effector T cells in TCMR","volume":"18","author":"Parkes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.11.026","article-title":"Multiomic profiling of transplant glomerulopathy reveals a novel T-cell dominant subclass","volume":"105","author":"Cristoferi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65153-9","article-title":"Continuous indices to assess the phenotypic spectrum of kidney transplant rejection","volume":"16","author":"Vaulet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.05.021","article-title":"Avoiding overadjustment bias in social epidemiology through appropriate covariate selection: a primer","volume":"149","author":"van Zwieten","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Kidney International Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468024926029396?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468024926029396?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:43:13Z","timestamp":1790934193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468024926029396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468024926029396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-0249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-0249","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Kidney Allograft Outcomes in Borderline and T Cell-Mediated Rejection With Microvascular Inflammation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Kidney International Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2026.106707","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the International Society of Nephrology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106707"}}