{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T20:14:10Z","timestamp":1782504850062,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,18]],"date-time":"2005-04-18T14:53:34Z","timestamp":1113836014000},"page":"961-983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Pulmonary embolism: an unsuspected killer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Torrey A.","family":"Laack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepi G.","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(87)90212-2","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism in the United States, 1970\u20131985","volume":"113","author":"Gillum","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616243","article-title":"The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community","volume":"86","author":"Heit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"V225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(01)00326-7","article-title":"Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism","volume":"103","author":"Rodger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.4065\/73.9.873","article-title":"Clinical recognition of pulmonary embolism: problem of unrecognized and asymptomatic cases","volume":"73","author":"Ryu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"17 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib5","first-page":"S524","article-title":"Prophylaxis strategies for patients with acute venous thromboembolism","volume":"7","author":"Tapson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.3.791","article-title":"Clinical suspicion of fatal pulmonary embolism","volume":"120","author":"Pineda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90764-1","article-title":"Factors associated with correct antemortem diagnosis of major pulmonary embolism","volume":"73","author":"Goldhaber","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.2.135","article-title":"Comparison of clinical and postmortem diagnosis of pulmonary embolism","volume":"42","author":"Karwinski","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.4065\/70.5.417","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of fatal pulmonary embolism in a referral hospital","volume":"70","author":"Morgenthaler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1988.00380060189033","article-title":"Fatal pulmonary emboli in hospitalized patients: an autopsy study","volume":"148","author":"Rubenstein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.4.978","article-title":"Prevalence of acute pulmonary embolism among patients in a general hospital and at autopsy","volume":"108","author":"Stein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-2-200107170-00008","article-title":"Performance of helical computed tomography in unselected outpatients with suspected pulmonary embolism","volume":"135","author":"Perrier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440200057023","article-title":"Value of the ventilation\/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism: results of the prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis (PIOPED)","volume":"263","author":"PIOPED Investigators","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03270140029017","article-title":"Mortality in patients treated for pulmonary embolism","volume":"236","author":"Alpert","year":"1976","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205073261902","article-title":"The clinical course of pulmonary embolism","volume":"326","author":"Carson","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib16","series-title":"Rosen's emergency medicine concepts and clinical practice","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism","author":"Feied","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(60)92299-6","article-title":"Anticoagulant drugs in the treatment of pulmonary embolism: a controlled trial","volume":"1","author":"Barritt","year":"1960","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.2.263","article-title":"Occult pulmonary embolism: a common occurrence in deep venous thrombosis","volume":"148","author":"Dorfman","year":"1987","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.3.498","article-title":"Unexpected high prevalence of silent pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis","volume":"95","author":"Huisman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.2.159","article-title":"Systemic lung scans reveal a high frequency of silent pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep venous thrombosis","volume":"160","author":"Meignan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510270069042","article-title":"Frequent asymptomatic pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis","volume":"271","author":"Moser","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1994.tb01103.x","article-title":"Silent pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis: incidence and fate in a randomized, controlled trial of anticoagulation versus no anticoagulation","volume":"235","author":"Nielson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-0620(75)80017-X","article-title":"Natural history of pulmonary embolism","volume":"17","author":"Dalen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.111764","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism: making sense of the diagnostic evaluation","volume":"37","author":"Wolfe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430170033004","article-title":"The low-probability lung scan: a need for change in nomenclature","volume":"155","author":"Hull","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.4.349","article-title":"Review of 6-month mortality following low-probability lung scans","volume":"159","author":"Rajendram","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.4.931","article-title":"Untreated patients with pulmonary embolism: outcome, clinical, and laboratory assessment","volume":"107","author":"Stein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(05)70109-9","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism in the elderly","volume":"17","author":"Berman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8627(05)70221-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of venous thromboembolic disease","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8627(03)00017-8","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism","volume":"21","author":"Sadosty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.4.996","article-title":"The characteristics of the thrombi of the lower limbs, as detected by ultrasonic scanning, do not predict pulmonary embolism","volume":"110","author":"Lusiani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(98)70364-7","article-title":"Occult deep venous thrombosis complicating superficial thrombophlebitis","volume":"27","author":"Blumenberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib33","unstructured":"Virchow RLK. Cellular pathology as based upon physiological and pathohistology. 7th American ed. Chance F, DeWitt RM, trans. New York, NY: 1860;236."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380060070028","article-title":"Prevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism","volume":"256","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib35","first-page":"13","article-title":"Protocols for deep venous thrombosis (DVT): a state-of-the-art review: Part I. risk factor assessment, physical examination, and current diagnostic modalities","author":"Colucciello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Emerg Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616237","article-title":"Risk factors in venous thromboembolism","volume":"86","author":"Martinelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412153312401","article-title":"A prospective study of venous thromboembolism after major trauma","volume":"331","author":"Geerts","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.3.9806130","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical assessment in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism","volume":"159","author":"Miniati","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1997.tb03815.x","article-title":"The clinical features of acute pulmonary embolism in ambulatory patients","volume":"4","author":"Susec","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1507","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism in younger adults","volume":"101","author":"Green","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.1.39","article-title":"Fever in acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"117","author":"Stein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.85.2.229","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism: 1. pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis","volume":"85","author":"Riedel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.4.974","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with acute pulmonary embolism stratified according to their presenting syndromes","volume":"112","author":"Stein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520070035026","article-title":"Asymptomatic pulmonary embolism complicating deep venous thrombosis","volume":"272","author":"Blebea","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.6.458","article-title":"Risk of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with treated venous thromboembolism","volume":"279","author":"Douketis","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.2.145","article-title":"Silent pulmonary embolism","volume":"160","author":"Stein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00797-5","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of patients with syncope: a population-based study","volume":"111","author":"Sarasin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.4065\/74.6.609","article-title":"82-year-old man with recurrent syncope","volume":"74","author":"Brilakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(77)90832-4","article-title":"The clinical features of submassive and massive pulmonary emboli","volume":"62","author":"Bell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.10.1529","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism as cause of cardiac arrest","volume":"160","author":"K\u00fcrkciyan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(00)00374-9","article-title":"Pulseless electrical activity with witnessed arrest as a predictor of sudden death from massive pulmonary embolism in outpatients","volume":"49","author":"Courtney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00511-8","article-title":"The incidence of pulmonary embolism in unexplained sudden cardiac arrest with pulseless electrical activity","volume":"109","author":"Comess","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.14.2218","article-title":"Silent pulmonary embolism","volume":"160","author":"Egermayer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8627(05)70232-7","article-title":"Special situations: pediatric, pregnant, and geriatric patients","volume":"19","author":"Farrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(02)00092-5","article-title":"Pediatric thrombosis","volume":"49","author":"Hoppe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.2.291","article-title":"Childhood thrombosis","volume":"96","author":"Nuss","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(96)70143-X","article-title":"A prospective study of the incidence of deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized children","volume":"24","author":"Rohrer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01396209","article-title":"Prevalence of deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities of children in the intensive care unit","volume":"26","author":"DeAngelis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(81)80700-2","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism in children","volume":"16","author":"Buck","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81730-5","article-title":"Venous thromboembolic complications in children","volume":"123","author":"David","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.1584","article-title":"Management of pulmonary embolus in pregnancy","volume":"20","author":"de Swiet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-200112000-00004","article-title":"The acute management of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy","volume":"13","author":"Greer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.107919","article-title":"Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy or post partum: a population-based, case control study","volume":"184","author":"Danilenko-Dixon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib64","first-page":"183","article-title":"Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism","volume":"168","author":"Kearon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib65","series-title":"Obstetrics: normal and problem pregnancies","first-page":"69","article-title":"Maternal physiology in pregnancy","author":"Gordon","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(00)70026-6","article-title":"Utility of lower extremity venous ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis and exclusion of pulmonary embolism in outpatients","volume":"35","author":"Daniel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00009","article-title":"The role of venous ultrasonography in the diagnosis of suspected deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism","volume":"129","author":"Kearon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-10-199705150-00005","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of ultrasonography of leg veins in patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism","volume":"126","author":"Turkstra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(03)00028-9","article-title":"Pulmonary embolus imaging with multislice CT","volume":"41","author":"Remy-Jardin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2242011581","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism in pregnant patients: fetal radiation dose with helical CT","volume":"224","author":"Winer-Muram","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(05)70222-9","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism and pregnancy","volume":"28","author":"Andres","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00493-9","article-title":"Effects of age on the performance of common diagnostic tests for pulmonary embolism","volume":"109","author":"Righini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(02)00055-1","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism in the elderly","volume":"19","author":"Berman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb02438.x","article-title":"Clinical presentation and results of thrombolytic therapy in older patients with massive pulmonary embolism: a comparison with non-elderly patients","volume":"44","author":"Gisselbrecht","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.6.1759","article-title":"A patient with acute exacerbation of COPD who did not respond to conventional treatment","volume":"114","author":"Stebbings","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.1.25","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism in patients with HIV","volume":"75","author":"Howling","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib77","first-page":"433","article-title":"Potential areas for new clinical decision rules: comparison of North American and Europe","volume":"6","author":"Graham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(97)80057-8","article-title":"Clinical utilization of the non-diagnostic lung scintigram","volume":"52","author":"Murchison","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(97)80258-9","article-title":"Work-up of patients with malignancy after an intermediate-probability ventilation-perfusion scan: why don't physicians pursue a definitive diagnosis?","volume":"4","author":"Rosen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib80","first-page":"437","article-title":"Emergency physician (EP) assessment of the pre-test probability of pulmonary embolism","volume":"6","author":"Jackson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib81","first-page":"528","article-title":"Interobserver variability in the clinical prediction of pulmonary embolus","volume":"205","author":"Siegel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00002","article-title":"Use of a clinical model for safe management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism","volume":"129","author":"Wells","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.1.92","article-title":"Assessing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism in the emergency ward","volume":"161","author":"Wicki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01212-3","article-title":"Comparison of two clinical prediction rules and implicit assessment among patients with suspected pulmonary embolism","volume":"113","author":"Chagnon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-2-200107170-00010","article-title":"Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging: management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting to the emergency department by using a simple clinical model and D-dimer","volume":"135","author":"Wells","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.169.5.9353458","article-title":"Treatment of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism and intermediate-probability lung scans: is diagnostic imaging underused?","volume":"169","author":"Khorasani","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.75.883.285","article-title":"Diagnostic approach to patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: a report from the real world","volume":"75","author":"Saro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420030093009","article-title":"A noninvasive strategy for the treatment of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism","volume":"154","author":"Hull","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05248-9","article-title":"Non-invasive diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in outpatients","volume":"353","author":"Perrier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.3.537","article-title":"The ECG in pulmonary embolism: predictive value of negative T waves in precordial leads\u201480 case reports","volume":"111","author":"Ferrari","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.1.33","article-title":"Chest radiographs in acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"118","author":"Elliott","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8627(05)70228-5","article-title":"Nonspecific tests for pulmonary embolism","volume":"19","author":"Weiner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa023153","article-title":"Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis","volume":"349","author":"Wells","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(01)00408-5","article-title":"Emergency department D-dimer testing","volume":"21","author":"Sadosty","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2002.124755","article-title":"The accuracy of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay D-dimer test in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.3.16030","article-title":"The diagnostic approach to acute venous thromboembolism: clinical practice guideline","volume":"160","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-3-200002010-00009","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of helical computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a systematic review","volume":"132","author":"Rathbun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(99)70339-2","article-title":"Role of spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department","volume":"33","author":"Holbert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.200.3.8756918","article-title":"Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with spiral CT: comparison with pulmonary angiography and scintigraphy","volume":"200","author":"Remy-Jardin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)62327-6","article-title":"Outcomes after withholding anticoagulation from patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism and negative computed tomographic findings: a cohort study","volume":"77","author":"Swensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.171.4.9763002","article-title":"Effect of anatomic distribution of pulmonary emboli on interobserver agreement in the interpretation of pulmonary angiography","volume":"171","author":"Diffin","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.17.2033","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism and negative helical computed tomographic results in whom anticoagulation was withheld","volume":"163","author":"Donato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-4-200302180-00009","article-title":"Single-detector helical computed tomography as the primary diagnostic test in suspected pulmonary embolism: a multicenter clinical management study of 510 patients","volume":"138","author":"Van Strijen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.2.462","article-title":"Complications and validity of pulmonary angiography in acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"85","author":"Stein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08596-3","article-title":"Comparison of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and conventional pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a prospective study","volume":"359","author":"Oudkerk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2000.tb02033.x","article-title":"Alveolar dead space as a predictor of severity of pulmonary embolism","volume":"7","author":"Kline","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733862704000732?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733862704000732?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T18:53:56Z","timestamp":1735671236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733862704000732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733862704000732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.emc.2004.05.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8627"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8627","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}}}