{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:28:57Z","timestamp":1767338937924},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,9]],"date-time":"2011-12-09T08:24:29Z","timestamp":1323419069000},"page":"475-499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pleural Disease in the Emergency Department"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Erin","family":"Weldon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1159\/000112221","article-title":"Diagnostic work-up of pleural effusions","volume":"75","author":"Froudarakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1269827","article-title":"Imaging of the pleura","volume":"31","author":"Ayres","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2010.12.001","article-title":"Anatomy of the pleura","volume":"21","author":"Finley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2006.01.006","article-title":"Pathology of the pleura","volume":"27","author":"English","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.1.184","article-title":"State of the art. The pleura","volume":"138","author":"Sahn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.2.590","article-title":"Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: an American College of Chest Physicians Delphi consensus statement","volume":"119","author":"Baumann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00062102","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of pleural fluid turnover","volume":"20","author":"Zocchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2010.01.003","article-title":"Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"94","author":"Brims","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(18)30088-5","article-title":"Thoracentesis and chest tube drainage","volume":"11","author":"Quigley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2011685","article-title":"Diagnosis of pleural effusion: a systematic approach","volume":"20","author":"McGrath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(00)00166-2","article-title":"Clinical management of the patient with pleural effusion","volume":"34","author":"Ferrer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e3181aacbbf","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural effusion","volume":"33","author":"Lombardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-3002","article-title":"Diagnostic utility and clinical application of imaging for pleural space infections","volume":"137","author":"Heffner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.4.681","article-title":"Detection of pleural effusions on supine chest radiographs","volume":"148","author":"Ruskin","year":"1987","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.978","article-title":"Etiology and pleural fluid characteristics of large and massive effusions","volume":"124","author":"Porcel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0435","article-title":"Can chest ultrasonography replace standard chest radiography for evaluation of acute dyspnea in the ED?","volume":"139","author":"Zanobetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31815d25e6","article-title":"The value of pleural fluid analysis","volume":"335","author":"Sahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib18","first-page":"523","article-title":"Management of pleural effusions","volume":"99","author":"Light","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2005.12.008","article-title":"Discriminating between transudates and exudates","volume":"27","author":"Heffner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.4.970","article-title":"Diagnostic value of tests that discriminate between exudative and transudative pleural effusions","volume":"111","author":"Heffner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200510-113JH","article-title":"Parapneumonic effusions and empyema","volume":"3","author":"Light","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0725","article-title":"Spontaneous hemothorax: a comprehensive review","volume":"134","author":"Ali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328338dde2","article-title":"Chylothorax: diagnostic approach","volume":"16","author":"Skouras","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib24","series-title":"Pleural diseases","first-page":"242","article-title":"Pneumothorax","author":"Light","year":"1991"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1269834","article-title":"Chylothorax and cholesterol pleural effusion","volume":"31","author":"Huggins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.157842","article-title":"Blood culture bottle culture of pleural fluid in pleural infection","volume":"66","author":"Menzies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70084-8","article-title":"Management of parapneumonic effusions","volume":"19","author":"Light","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-200107000-00005","article-title":"Management of parapneumonic pleural effusion","volume":"7","author":"Lim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib29","unstructured":"Porcel JM, Lee YC. Pleural disease. 2011. Available at: http:\/\/www.wiley.com\/bw\/vi.asp?ref=1323-7799#706. Accessed July 7, 2011."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii18","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136986","article-title":"Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010","volume":"65","author":"MacDuff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib31","series-title":"Tintinalli's emergency medicine: a comprehensive study guide","first-page":"471","article-title":"Spontaneous and iatrogenic pneumothorax","author":"Humphries","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00402.x","article-title":"Outpatient management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in the emergency department of a community hospital using a small-bore catheter and a Heimlich valve","volume":"16","author":"Hassani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2008.12.003","article-title":"Evidence-based management of paediatric primary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"10","author":"Robinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib34","first-page":"334","article-title":"Pathophysiology, clinical evaluation and treatment options of spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"58","author":"Yazkan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tuberk Toraks"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.01968.x","article-title":"Pleural controversy: etiology of pneumothorax","volume":"16","author":"Haynes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2009.02.003","article-title":"Decision making in the management of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with severe emphysema","volume":"19","author":"Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.140236","article-title":"British Thoracic Society pleural disease guidelines\u20132010 update","volume":"65","author":"Maskell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib38","series-title":"Emergency medicine: avoiding the pitfalls and improving the outcomes","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation and management of patients with chest syndromes","author":"Harrigan","year":"2007"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2008.068742","article-title":"What is the difference in size of spontaneous pneumothorax between inspiratory and expiratory x-rays?","volume":"26","author":"Druda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2007.01011.x","article-title":"Management and outcome of spontaneous pneumothoraces at three urban EDs","volume":"19","author":"Paoloni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-010-0347-z","article-title":"Detection of spontaneous pneumothorax with chest ultrasound in the emergency department","volume":"5","author":"Barillari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S250","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000260674.60761.85","article-title":"Ultrasound in the management of thoracic disease","volume":"35","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000164542.86954.B4","article-title":"Ultrasound diagnosis of occult pneumothorax","volume":"33","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18801","article-title":"Pneumothorax","volume":"22","author":"Baumann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2007.00997.x","article-title":"Review of management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: is the best evidence clearer 15 years on?","volume":"19","author":"Kelly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00104905","article-title":"Simplified stepwise management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a pilot study","volume":"27","author":"Marquette","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0910","article-title":"Outcomes of emergency department patients treated for primary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"134","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.11.005","article-title":"Primary spontaneous pneumothorax\u2013the role of the emergency observation unit","volume":"29","author":"Kuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.12.008","article-title":"Percutaneous aspiration versus tube drainage for spontaneous pneumothorax: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Aguinagalde","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200111-078OC","article-title":"Manual aspiration versus chest tube drainage in first episodes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a multicenter, prospective, randomized pilot study","volume":"165","author":"Noppen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib51","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax","author":"Wakai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Evid (Online)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2009.09.011","article-title":"Pitfalls in the evaluation of shortness of breath","volume":"28","author":"Wills","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32833a3d96","article-title":"Surgery for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"16","author":"Nakajima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib54","first-page":"939","article-title":"Pleural disease","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Koswsky","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.04.052","article-title":"Spontaneous hemopneumothorax revisited: clinical approach and systemic review of the literature","volume":"80","author":"Hsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M71","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2007.68.Sup4.23195","article-title":"Haemothorax","volume":"68","author":"Reddy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-16-12","article-title":"Spontaneous tension haemopneumothorax","volume":"16","author":"Patterson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.17.3.222","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax: is it under tension?","volume":"17","author":"Holloway","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Accid Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.010462","article-title":"Primary spontaneous tension pneumothorax in a submariner at sea","volume":"21","author":"Brims","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"}],"container-title":["Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733862711001210?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733862711001210?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T17:21:19Z","timestamp":1561051279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733862711001210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733862711001210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8627"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8627","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}