{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T02:28:03Z","timestamp":1775356083374,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T16:21:37Z","timestamp":1659975697000},"page":"583-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Special Procedures for Pulmonary Disease in the Emergency Department"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haney","family":"Mallemat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1269827","article-title":"Imaging of the pleura","volume":"31","author":"Ayres J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1159\/000112221","article-title":"Diagnostic work-up of pleural effusions","volume":"75","author":"Froudarakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.3.9910050","article-title":"Volume and cellular content of normal pleural fluid in humans examined by pleural lavage","volume":"162","author":"Noppen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib4","series-title":"Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine","article-title":"Pleural effusion","author":"Broaddus VC","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910775","article-title":"Conservative versus interventional treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"382","author":"Brown SGA","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.102972","article-title":"Assessment of the harms and potential benefits of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients: Narrative review of outcomes and recommendations","volume":"42","author":"Al Omari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib7","first-page":"148","article-title":"Pleural infection in children","volume":"11","author":"Alkrinawi S","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib8","series-title":"Roberts and hedges\u2019 clinical procedures in emergency medicine and acute care","first-page":"181","article-title":"Thoracentesis","author":"Blok","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003233421207","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"342","author":"Sahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1916844","article-title":"Clearing the air \u2014 a conservative option for spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"382","author":"Broaddus","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0725","article-title":"Spontaneous hemothorax: a comprehensive review","volume":"134","author":"Azfar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2011.10.012","article-title":"Pleural disease in the emergency department","volume":"30","author":"Weldon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-017-0135-x","article-title":"A\u00a0need to reconsider guidelines on management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax?","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.5154","article-title":"Effect of early vs late tracheostomy placement on survival in pateint receiving mechanical ventilation: the TracMan randomized trial","volume":"309","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib15","first-page":"ii41","article-title":"Mangement of pleural infection in adults: british thoracic society pleural disease guideline 2010","volume":"65","author":"Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1044","article-title":"The relationship between chest tube size and clinical outcoe in pleural infection","volume":"137","author":"Rahman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1273942","article-title":"Management of pleural effusion, empyema, and lung abscess","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30533-6","article-title":"Use of fibrinolytics and deoxyribonuclease in adult patients with pleural empyema: a consensus statement","volume":"9","author":"Chaddha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004166","article-title":"Outcomes after tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients","volume":"272","author":"Chao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-019-00231-6","article-title":"Hepatic hydrothorax: an updated review on a challenging disease","volume":"197","author":"Chaaban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2012.09.009","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided procedures in the emergency department - diagnostic and therapeutic asset","volume":"31","author":"Tirado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.6.1873","article-title":"Lower risk and higher yield for thoracentesis when performed by experienced operators","volume":"103","author":"Bartter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib23","first-page":"590","article-title":"Management of spontaneous pneumothorax an american college of chest physicians delphi consensus statement","volume":"119","author":"Bauman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib24","first-page":"775","article-title":"A\u00a0review of symptoms and complications of ultrasound assisted thoracentesis in the first specialist pleural clinic in Israel","volume":"22","author":"Elyah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390160119023","article-title":"Complications associated with thoracentesis. a prospective, randomized study comparing three different methods","volume":"150","author":"Grogan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.90.1.97","article-title":"Complication associated with thoracocentesis","volume":"90","author":"Seneff","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.5.1455","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of amylase-rich pleural effusions with special reference to amylase isoenzyme analysis","volume":"102","author":"Joseph","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2012.09.004","article-title":"Critical trauma skills and procedures in the emergency department","volume":"31","author":"Falcon-Chevere","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-020-05852-0","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of 14-french (14f) pigtail catheters versus 28-32f chest tubes in the management of patients with traumatic hemothorax and hemopneumothorax","volume":"45","author":"Bauman","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4168-3","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of 7-year experience using percutaneous 15-french pigtail catheters for traumatic hemothorax\/hemopneumothorax at a level-1 trauma center: size still does not matter","volume":"42","author":"Bauman","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003180","article-title":"The small (14 Fr) percutaneous catheter (P-CAT) versus large (28-32 Fr) open chest tube for traumatic hemothorax: A multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"91","author":"Kulvatunyou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.06.021","article-title":"Small tube thoracostomy (20-22 Fr) in emergent management of chest trauma","volume":"48","author":"Tanizaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204812","article-title":"Pleural procedures and patient safety: a national BTS audit of practice","volume":"70","author":"Hooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.090672","article-title":"Re-expansion pulmonary edema followin thoracentesis","volume":"182","author":"Kasmani","year":"2010","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2018.09.010","article-title":"Tracheostomy emergencies","volume":"37","author":"Bontempo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000177","article-title":"Tracheostomy tube placement: early and late complications","volume":"22","author":"Fernandez-Bussy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bronchol Intervent Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2012.07217.x","article-title":"Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of tracheostomy and laryngectomy airway emergencies","volume":"67","author":"McGrath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.03.049","article-title":"Resuscitating the tracheostomy patient in the","volume":"34","author":"Long","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03527.x","article-title":"Comparison of the williams airway intubator and ovassapian fibreoptic intubating airway for fibreoptic orotracheal intubation","volume":"59","author":"Greenland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03012","article-title":"Fiberoptic intubation: an overview and update","volume":"59","author":"Collins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib41","series-title":"Fiberoptic endoscopy and the difficult airway","author":"Ovassapian","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001140","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective study of success, failure, and time needed to perform awake intubation","volume":"125","author":"Joseph","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2012.09.001","article-title":"Critical airway skills and procedures","volume":"31","author":"Hawkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2011.02.005","article-title":"Use of the laryngeal mask airway-aintree intubating catheter-fiberoptic bronchoscope technique for difficult intubation","volume":"23","author":"Berkow","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.142846","article-title":"A\u00a0comparision of dexmedetomidine plus ketamine combination with dexmedetomidine alone for awake fibertopic nasotracheal intubation: a randomized controlled study","volume":"30","author":"Sinha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199011000-00005","article-title":"Frequent hypoxemia and apnea after sedation with midazolam and fentanyl","volume":"73","author":"Bailey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2009.02.016","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative study of dexmedetomidine with midazolam and midazolam alone for sedation during elective awake fiberoptic intubation","volume":"22","author":"Bergese","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Awake fiberoptic orotracheal intubation: a protocol feasibility study","volume":"49","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009_bib49","first-page":"ii18","article-title":"Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: british thoracic society pleural disease guideline 2010","volume":"65","author":"Macduff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733862722000360?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733862722000360?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T10:39:24Z","timestamp":1760006364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733862722000360"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733862722000360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8627"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8627","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Special Procedures for Pulmonary Disease in the Emergency Department","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.emc.2022.05.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}