{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:59:26Z","timestamp":1791892766406,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":342,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020869","name":"Astra Zeneca R&amp;D Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL153607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL153607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000102","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2 U1QHP287310400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2 U1QHP287310400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000909","name":"John A. Hartford Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000909","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30122C14944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30122C14944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019664","name":"Expect Miracles Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG084218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG084218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03AG082923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03AG082923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R33AG058926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R33AG058926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T07:19:29Z","timestamp":1739517569000},"page":"249-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Delirium Prevention and Management in Older Adults in the Emergency Department"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Skains","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangil","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin H.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0141-2","article-title":"The DSM-5 criteria, level of arousal and delirium diagnosis: inclusiveness is safer","volume":"12","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00101","article-title":"Delirium in elderly people: a review","volume":"3","author":"Martins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2011.11.013","article-title":"A\u00a0longitudinal study of motor subtypes in delirium: frequency and stability during episodes","volume":"72","author":"Meagher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00339.x","article-title":"Delirium in older emergency department patients: recognition, risk factors, and psychomotor subtypes","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.2.174","article-title":"Association between psychomotor activity delirium subtypes and mortality among newly admitted post-acute facility patients","volume":"62","author":"Kiely","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30062-6","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes of\u00a0delirium during critical illness and severity of subsequent long-term cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Girard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610218000777","article-title":"Delirium etiology subtypes and their effect on six-month function and cognition in older emergency department patients","volume":"31","author":"Cirbus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-1927","article-title":"The CAM-S: development and validation of a new scoring system for delirium severity in 2 cohorts","volume":"160","author":"Inouye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200102000-00011","article-title":"Severity and course of delirium in medically hospitalized nursing facility residents","volume":"9","author":"Kelly","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14234","article-title":"Derivation and validation of a severity scoring method for the 3-minute diagnostic interview for confusion assessment method--defined delirium","volume":"64","author":"Vasunilashorn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib11","first-page":"977","article-title":"Prevalence and detection of delirium in elderly emergency department patients","volume":"163","author":"Elie","year":"2000","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can Med Assoc J)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.152","article-title":"The effect of mental status screening on the care of elderly emergency department patients","volume":"41","author":"Hustey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(95)90080-2","article-title":"Unrecognized delirium in ED geriatric patients","volume":"13","author":"Lewis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16438","article-title":"Family identification of delirium in the emergency department in patients with and without dementia: validity of the family confusion assessment method (FAM-CAM)","volume":"68","author":"Mailhot","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2021.03.005","article-title":"Risk factors for delirium in older adults in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2018.05.001","article-title":"Delirium and dementia","volume":"34","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51151.x","article-title":"Delirium in older emergency department patients discharged home: effect on survival","volume":"51","author":"Kakuma","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1057","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2012-131608","article-title":"Emergency physician recognition of delirium","volume":"89","author":"Suffoletto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2011.01065.x","article-title":"Delirium in older emergency department patients is an independent predictor of hospital length of stay","volume":"18","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2273","article-title":"Association of delirium with long-term cognitive decline: a meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Goldberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-12-941","article-title":"Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium","volume":"113","author":"Inouye","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib22","first-page":"86","article-title":"EEG in delirium","volume":"5","author":"Jacobson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-3050","article-title":"Delirium detection using EEG: what and how to measure","volume":"147","author":"van der Kooi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2023.05.006","article-title":"Delirium and delirium prevention in the emergency department","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.05.003","article-title":"Diagnosing delirium in older emergency department patients: validity and reliability of the delirium triage screen and the brief confusion assessment method","volume":"62","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216310371556","article-title":"Single question in delirium (SQiD): testing its efficacy against psychiatrist interview, the confusion assessment method and the memorial delirium assessment scale","volume":"24","author":"Sands","year":"2010","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.07.009","article-title":"Fast, systematic, and continuous delirium assessment in hospitalized patients: the nursing delirium screening scale","volume":"29","author":"Gaudreau","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manag"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12706","article-title":"The diagnostic performance of the richmond agitation sedation scale for detecting delirium in older emergency department patients","volume":"22","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1182","article-title":"Does this patient have delirium?: value of bedside instruments","volume":"304","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa224","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the 4AT for delirium detection in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Tieges","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.005","article-title":"The evaluation and management of delirium among older persons","volume":"95","author":"Flaherty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31817e73c7","article-title":"Psychiatric emergency services for the U.S. elderly: 2008 and beyond","volume":"16","author":"Walsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"945","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2003.017236","article-title":"An approach to drug induced delirium in the elderly","volume":"80","author":"Alagiakrishnan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03279-x","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Delara","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prescription drug use in the United States, 2015-2016","volume":"334","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18372","article-title":"American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria\u00ae for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults","volume":"71","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400090107019","article-title":"Explicit criteria for determining inappropriate medication use in nursing home residents. UCLA Division of Geriatric Medicine","volume":"151","author":"Beers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq140","article-title":"Which medications to avoid in people at risk of delirium: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Clegg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.8.1099","article-title":"Use of medications with anticholinergic effect predicts clinical severity of delirium symptoms in older medical inpatients","volume":"161","author":"Han","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12692","article-title":"Delirium risk prediction, healthcare use and mortality of elderly adults in the emergency department","volume":"62","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530350034031","article-title":"Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons. Predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability","volume":"275","author":"Inouye","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00047.x","article-title":"Delirium risk factors in elderly hospitalized patients","volume":"13","author":"Elie","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu022","article-title":"Risk factors for incident delirium among older people in acute hospital medical units: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00698-7","article-title":"The inter-relationship between delirium and dementia: the importance of delirium prevention","volume":"18","author":"Fong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"9920","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","article-title":"Delirium in elderly people","volume":"383","author":"Inouye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.02.032","article-title":"Frailty assessment to help predict patients at risk of delirium when consulting the emergency department","volume":"55","author":"Giroux","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.12.002","article-title":"The effect of cognitive impairment on the accuracy of the presenting complaint and discharge instruction comprehension in older emergency department patients","volume":"57","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/61.16.1689","article-title":"Reconciliation of discrepancies in medication histories and admission orders of newly hospitalized patients","volume":"61","author":"Gleason","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib49","first-page":"932","article-title":"Effect of pharmacy-led medication reconciliation in emergency departments: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharm Therapeut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17629","article-title":"Sources of medication omissions among hospitalized older adults with polypharmacy","volume":"70","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318190b8ef","article-title":"The epidemiology of substance use and disorders among middle aged and elderly community adults: national survey on drug use and health","volume":"17","author":"Blazer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)65764-4","article-title":"Prescription drug dependence in the elderly population: demographic and clinical features of 100 inpatients","volume":"69","author":"Finlayson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.05.010","article-title":"Treatment of asymptomatic UTI in older delirious medical in-patients: a prospective cohort study","volume":"72","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.02.009","article-title":"Top ten myths regarding the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections","volume":"51","author":"Schulz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.06.034","article-title":"Delirium, confusion, or altered mental status as a risk for abnormal head CT in older adults in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1997.tb03690.x","article-title":"Computed tomography scanning and delirium in elder patients","volume":"4","author":"Naughton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14622","article-title":"Head computed tomography findings in geriatric emergency department patients with delirium, altered mental status, and confusion: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2010.02400.x","article-title":"Intracranial cause of delirium: computed tomography yield and predictive factors","volume":"42","author":"Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2008.01118.x","article-title":"Computerized tomography of the brain for elderly patients presenting to the emergency department with acute confusion","volume":"20","author":"Hardy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib60","series-title":"Emergency department visits among adults aged 60 and over: United States, 2014\u20132017. NCHS Data Brief, no 367","author":"Ashman","year":"2020"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1605501","article-title":"Delirium in hospitalized older adults","volume":"377","author":"Marcantonio","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17740","article-title":"Can we improve delirium prevention and treatment in the emergency department? A systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.4103\/JETS.JETS_137_17","article-title":"Emergency department interventions and their effect on delirium's natural course: the folly may be in the foley","volume":"12","author":"Noel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emergencies, Trauma, Shock"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.09.017","article-title":"Is all pain is treated equally? A multicenter evaluation of acute pain care by age","volume":"155","author":"Hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2649","article-title":"Pain treatment of agitation in patients with dementia: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Husebo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520190064036","article-title":"The relationship of postoperative delirium with psychoactive medications","volume":"272","author":"Marcantonio","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22665","article-title":"Opioid medications and longitudinal risk of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients","volume":"109","author":"Gaudreau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480060073033","article-title":"Risk factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly","volume":"267","author":"Schor","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib69","first-page":"S12","article-title":"Management of pain in older adults","volume":"105","author":"Cavalieri","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/58.1.M76","article-title":"Relationship between pain and opioid analgesics on the development of delirium following hip fracture","volume":"58","author":"Morrison","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/21514593241228073","article-title":"Reduction of postoperative delirium and opioid use in hip fracture patients through utilization of emergency department physician administered regional nerve blocks","volume":"15","author":"Snapp","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib72","first-page":"S269","article-title":"Antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium in older hospitalized adults: a systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Flaherty","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14076","article-title":"Antipsychotic medication for prevention and treatment of delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Neufeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.09.008","article-title":"What do we really know about the treatment of delirium with antipsychotics? Ten key issues for delirium pharmacotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Meagher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.03.012","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for the treatment and prevention of delirium: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061240","article-title":"Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"355","author":"Schneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-012-0166-9","article-title":"Treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Corbett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.04.026","article-title":"Oral medication for agitation of psychiatric origin: a scoping review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"53","author":"Mullinax","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib79","first-page":"Cd006379","article-title":"Benzodiazepines for delirium","volume":"2009","author":"Lonergan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.12110","article-title":"The agitated older adult in the emergency department: a narrative review of common causes and management strategies","volume":"1","author":"Kennedy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03885.x","article-title":"The Hospital Elder Life Program: a model of care to prevent cognitive and functional decline in older hospitalized patients. Hospital Elder Life Program","volume":"48","author":"Inouye","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.06.007","article-title":"Hospital elder life program: systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness","volume":"26","author":"Hshieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03239-2","article-title":"Emergency department crowding: an overview of reviews describing measures causes, and harms","volume":"18","author":"Pearce","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14103","article-title":"Length of stay in the emergency department and occurrence of delirium in older medical patients","volume":"64","author":"Bo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2021.1.49320","article-title":"Increased emergency department hallway length of stay is associated with development of delirium","volume":"22","author":"van Loveren","year":"2021","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181a315d5","article-title":"Geriatric ward hospitalization reduced incidence delirium among older medical inpatients","volume":"17","author":"Bo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12421","DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.12421","article-title":"ED-DEL: development of a change package and toolkit for delirium in the emergency department","volume":"2","author":"Kennedy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2019.07.023","article-title":"Managing delirium and agitation in the older emergency department patient: the ADEPT tool","volume":"75","author":"Shenvi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733862724000981?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733862724000981?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:03:21Z","timestamp":1778753001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733862724000981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733862724000981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8627"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8627","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Delirium Prevention and Management in Older Adults in the Emergency Department","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.emc.2024.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}