{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:45:07Z","timestamp":1772772307752,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["L'Enc\u00e9phale"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,7]],"date-time":"2008-01-07T07:17:23Z","timestamp":1199690243000},"page":"477-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Temp\u00e9raments affectifs dans les troubles bipolaires et unipolaires\u00a0: comparaison des profils temp\u00e9ramentaux et relation avec les caract\u00e9ristiques cliniques"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Gassab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mechri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Gaddour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Gaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.12.009","article-title":"Validating affective temperaments in their subaffective and socially positive attributes: psychometric, clinical and familial data from a French national study","volume":"85","author":"Akiskal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00320-8","article-title":"Bipolar II with and without cyclothymic temperament: dark and sunny expressions of soft bipolarity","volume":"73","author":"Akiskal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00113-X","article-title":"Gender, temperament, and the clinical picture in dysphoric mixed mania: finding from a French national study (EPIMAN)","volume":"50","author":"Akiskal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.12.033","article-title":"The distinct temperament profiles of bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar patients","volume":"92","author":"Akiskal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib5","first-page":"68","article-title":"Criteria for the soft bipolar spectrum: treatment implication","volume":"23","author":"Akiskal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib6","first-page":"3","article-title":"Le spectre bipolaire\u00a0:acquisitions et perspectives cliniques","volume":"VI","author":"Akiskal","year":"1995","journal-title":"L\u2019Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib7","first-page":"149","article-title":"Fr\u00e9quence et aspects cliniques du trouble bipolaire II dans une \u00e9tude multicentrique fran\u00e7aise\u00a0: EPIDEP","volume":"27","author":"Allilaire","year":"2001","journal-title":"L\u2019Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib8","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. DSM IV, crit\u00e8res diagnostiques (Washington DC, 2000). Traduction fran\u00e7aise par JD Guelfi et al. Paris\u00a0: Masson\u00a0; 2000."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00101-0","article-title":"Factorial structure and internal consistency of the German TEMPS-A scale","volume":"85","author":"Bloink","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib10","first-page":"502","article-title":"Unipolaires et bipolaires\u00a0: les deux maladies de l\u2019humeur","volume":"149","author":"Bourgeois","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(92)90044-7","article-title":"Proposed subtypes of bipolar II and related disorders: with hypomanic episodes (or cyclothymia) and with hyperthymic temperament","volume":"26","author":"Cassano","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7006(04)95464-4","article-title":"Hyperthymic and depressive temperaments study in controls, as a function of their familial loading for mood disorders","volume":"30","author":"Chiaroni","year":"2004","journal-title":"L\u2019Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.12.010","article-title":"The cyclothymic temperament in healthy controls and familially at risk individuals for mood disorder: endophenotype for genetic studies?","volume":"85","author":"Chiaroni","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008","article-title":"A psychobiological model of temperament and character","volume":"50","author":"Cloninger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02189532","article-title":"The manic-depressive mixed state: familial, temperamental and psychopathologic characteristics in 108 female inpatients","volume":"240","author":"Dell\u2019Osso","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib16","series-title":"Manic-depressive illness","author":"Goodwin","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7006(04)95430-9","article-title":"Masques trompeurs et diagnostics diff\u00e9rentiels du trouble bipolaire","volume":"30","author":"Gorwood","year":"2004","journal-title":"L\u2019Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00112-8","article-title":"Systematic clinical methodology for validating bipolar\u2013II disorder: data in mid stream from a French national multi-site study (EPIDEP)","volume":"50","author":"Hantouche","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib19","first-page":"481","article-title":"Troubles bipolaires pr\u00e9coces et temp\u00e9raments affectifs pr\u00e9bipolaires","volume":"155","author":"Hantouche","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00319-1","article-title":"Factor structure of hypomania: interrelation-ships with cyclothymia and the soft bipolar spectrum","volume":"73","author":"Hantouche","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib21","first-page":"27","article-title":"Outils d\u2019\u00e9valuation clinique des temp\u00e9raments affectifs","volume":"I","author":"Hantouche","year":"1997","journal-title":"L\u2019Enc\u00e9phale"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00219-5","article-title":"Temperament in bipolar illness: impact on prognosis","volume":"56","author":"Henry","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.02.010","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Lebanese-Arabic TEMPS-A","volume":"87","author":"Karam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib24","first-page":"164","article-title":"The relationship of affective temperament and clinical features in bipolar disorder","volume":"16","author":"Kesebir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Turk J Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.01.013","article-title":"Temperament in the clinical differentiation of depressed bipolar and unipolar major depressive patients","volume":"84","author":"Mendlowicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00232-3","article-title":"The contrasting influence of depressive and hyperthymic temperaments on psychometrically derived manic subtypes","volume":"101","author":"Perugi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00329-4","article-title":"The role of cyclothymia in atypical depression: toward a data-based reconceptualization of the borderline-bipolar II connection","volume":"73","author":"Perugi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7006(05)82387-5","article-title":"Int\u00e9r\u00eat de l\u2019analyse du temp\u00e9rament chez les sujets bipolaires","volume":"31","author":"Van Den Bulke","year":"2005","journal-title":"L\u2019Enc\u00e9phale"}],"container-title":["L'Enc\u00e9phale"],"original-title":[],"language":"fr","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013700607000760?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013700607000760?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T17:29:25Z","timestamp":1546363765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013700607000760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0013700607000760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.encep.2007.08.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7006","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}}}