{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T23:09:08Z","timestamp":1781737748589,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":369,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["L'Enc\u00e9phale"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T20:11:52Z","timestamp":1660421512000},"page":"496-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Le mod\u00e8le alternatif des troubles de la personnalit\u00e9 en population fran\u00e7aise\u00a0: \u00e9valuation avec des outils brefs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Combaluzier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Gouvernet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Auvage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bourgoise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0180","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM-5","author":"American Psychiatric Association AP","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0185","first-page":"667","article-title":"Les troubles de la personnalit\u00e9 dans le DSM-5","volume":"172","author":"Guelfi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol Rev Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000365","article-title":"Clinical utility of categorical and dimensional perspectives on personality pathology: a meta-analytic review","volume":"10","author":"Bornstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personal Disord Theory Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1079-z","article-title":"A brief but comprehensive review of research on the alternative DSM-5\u00a0model for personality disorders","volume":"21","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021891","article-title":"Proposed changes in personality and personality disorder assessment and diagnosis for DSM-5\u00a0Part I: description and rationale","volume":"2","author":"Skodol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Personal Disord Theory Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021892","article-title":"Proposed changes in personality and personality disorder assessment and diagnosis for DSM-5\u00a0Part II: clinical application","volume":"2","author":"Skodol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Personal Disord Theory Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000450","article-title":"Development and initial evaluation of a self-report form of the DSM-5\u00a0Level of Personality Functioning Scale","volume":"29","author":"Morey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2018.1491856","article-title":"Introduction to the special series on the personality functioning component of the alternative DSM-5\u00a0model for personality disorders","volume":"100","author":"Bender","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2018.1465431","article-title":"Criterion A of the AMPD in HiTOP","volume":"101","author":"Widiger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000159","article-title":"Development and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of a Brief Self-Report Questionnaire for the Assessment of the DSM-5\u00a0level of Personality Functioning Scale: The LPFS Brief Form (LPFS-BF)","volume":"7","author":"Hutsebaut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personal Disord Theory Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2018.1428984","article-title":"Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0: Utility in Capturing Personality Problems in Psychiatric Outpatients and Incarcerated Addicts","volume":"100","author":"Bach","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1434","article-title":"The Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0: Update of a brief instrument for assessing level of personality functioning: The Level of Personality Functioning Scale - Brief Form 2.0","volume":"13","author":"Weekers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personal Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002674","article-title":"Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5","volume":"42","author":"Krueger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2015.1107572","article-title":"A psychometric review of the personality inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): current status and future directions","volume":"98","author":"Al-Dajani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113504984","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the personality inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) predicting DSM-IV personality disorders and psychopathy in community-dwelling Italian adults","volume":"20","author":"Fossati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113475808","article-title":"General and maladaptive traits in a five-factor framework for DSM-5\u00a0in a University Student Sample","volume":"20","author":"Fruyt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191112471141","article-title":"On the convergence between PSY-5\u00a0domains and PID-5\u00a0domains and facets: implications for assessment of DSM-5\u00a0personality traits","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0265","series-title":"MMPI 2\u00a0RF\u00ae\u00a0: inventaire multiphasique de personnalit\u00e9 du Minnesota-2\u00a0forme restructur\u00e9e\u00ae\u00a0: manuel d\u2019administration, de correction et d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation","author":"Ben-Porath","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0270","series-title":"The Personality Inventory for DSM-5\u00a0Brief Form (PID-5\u00a0B.F)","author":"Krueger","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191116676889","article-title":"Utility of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Brief Form (PID-5-BF) in the Measurement of Maladaptive Personality and Psychopathology","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000605","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the five-factor internal structure of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5","volume":"30","author":"Watters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000307","article-title":"Meta-analysis to derive an empirically based set of personality facet criteria for the alternative DSM-5\u00a0model for personality disorders","volume":"10","author":"Watters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personal Disord Theory Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0133413","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133413","article-title":"The Psychometric Properties of the French Version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5","volume":"10","author":"Roskam","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.6.590","article-title":"The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample","volume":"58","author":"Torgersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0300","first-page":"39","article-title":"D\u00e9pistage des troubles de la personnalit\u00e9 avec la version fran\u00e7aise du Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ dans une population psychiatrique\u00a0: une \u00e9tude pr\u00e9liminaire","volume":"174","author":"Laconi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol Rev Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0305","series-title":"DSM-5\u00a0: manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux","author":"Crocq","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2011.577853","article-title":"Toward a Model for Assessing Level of Personality Functioning in DSM-5, Part II: Empirical Articulation of a Core Dimension of Personality Pathology","volume":"93","author":"Morey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079856","article-title":"Vers une m\u00e9thodologie de validation transculturelle de questionnaires\u202f: implications pour la recherche en langue fran\u00e7aise","volume":"30","author":"Vallerand","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2016.07.006","article-title":"Validation d\u2019une version fran\u00e7aise de la forme br\u00e8ve de l\u2019inventaire des troubles de la personnalit\u00e9 pour le DSM-5 (PID-5\u00a0BF) de Krueger","volume":"44","author":"Combaluzier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2998(78)80014-2","article-title":"Basic principles of ROC analysis","volume":"8","author":"Metz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2019_33_455","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic thresholds for criterion A in the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders","volume":"Nov 4","author":"Buer Christensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000758","article-title":"Difficulties with the conceptualization and assessment of Criterion A in the DSM-5\u00a0alternative model of personality disorder: A reply to Morey (2019)","volume":"31","author":"Sleep","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(92)90001-7","article-title":"Validity of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised: A replication in an outpatient sample","volume":"33","author":"Hyler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.183.3.228","article-title":"Standardised Assessment of Personality\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS): preliminary validation of a brief screen for personality disorder","volume":"183","author":"Moran","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2017_31_285","article-title":"Development and Psychometric Properties of the Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD)","volume":"32","author":"Olajide","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"}],"container-title":["L'Enc\u00e9phale"],"original-title":[],"language":"fr","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013700622001257?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013700622001257?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T17:43:54Z","timestamp":1757958234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013700622001257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0013700622001257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7006","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Le mod\u00e8le alternatif des troubles de la personnalit\u00e9 en population fran\u00e7aise\u00a0: \u00e9valuation avec des outils brefs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"L'Enc\u00e9phale","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.encep.2022.03.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 L'Enc\u00e9phale, Paris.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}