{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T20:25:56Z","timestamp":1788207956939,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["L'Enc\u00e9phale"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T20:02:29Z","timestamp":1788206549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biofeedback for Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in children: A pilot study of a multimodal approach of respiratory biofeedback to improve functional impact"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8758-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla M.","family":"Barbini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Manera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxane","family":"Fabre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Quaderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Askenazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Th\u00fcmmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054714527793","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation is associated with social impairment among young adolescents with ADHD","volume":"22","author":"Bunford","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054711413074","article-title":"Functional impairment and occupational outcome in adults with ADHD","volume":"16","author":"Gjervan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022","article-title":"The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 evidence-based conclusions about the disorder","volume":"128","author":"Faraone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0250","first-page":"995","article-title":"Pr\u00e9valence, diagnostic et m\u00e9dication de l\u2019hyperactivit\u00e9\/TDAH en France","volume":"180","author":"Ponnou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Medpsychol Rev Psychiatrique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115449","article-title":"Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: umbrella review of evidence generated across the globe","volume":"328","author":"Ayano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00238-X","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"387","author":"Thapar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2018-300050","article-title":"Twenty years of research on attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): looking back, looking forward","volume":"21","author":"Cortese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxy109","article-title":"ADHD in children and youth: part 1-Etiology, diagnosis, and comorbidity","volume":"23","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health (Canada)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0275","first-page":"144","article-title":"ADHD diagnosis and treatment guidelines: a historical perspective","author":"Wolraich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0280","series-title":"Trouble du D\u00e9ficit de l\u2019Attention avec ou sans Hyperactivit\u00e9","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054710372491","article-title":"Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated features among children in France","volume":"15","author":"Lecendreux","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0290","series-title":"Attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder a handbook for diagnosis and treatment. vol. 24","author":"Barkley","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12070991","article-title":"Nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments","volume":"170","author":"Sonuga-Barke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurenf.2022.01.003","article-title":"Prescription of methylphenidate in children and adolescents in France: characteristics and evolution between 2010 and 2019","volume":"70","author":"Ponnou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Enfance Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13641","article-title":"Effectiveness of neurofeedback versus medication for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"60","author":"Sudnawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369487","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1369487","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of neurofeedback in chronic pain management: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Diotaiuti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05215-z","article-title":"Efficacy of biofeedback for medical conditions: an evidence map","volume":"34","author":"Kondo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.006","article-title":"Neurofeedback in ADHD and insomnia: vigilance stabilization through sleep spindles and circadian networks","volume":"44","author":"Arns","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2015.10.077","article-title":"Electroencephalographic neurofeedback: level of evidence in mental and brain disorders and suggestions for good clinical practice","volume":"45","author":"Micoulaud-Franchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0330","first-page":"285","article-title":"Le neurofeedback en psychiatrie\u00a0: les outils d\u2019imagerie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale et de neurophysiologie au service de la th\u00e9rapeutique","volume":"92","author":"Fovet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Psychiatrique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00035","article-title":"Clinical and experimental factors influencing the efficacy of neurofeedback in ADHD: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Bussalb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2014.03.007","article-title":"The covariation of independent and dependant variables in neurofeedback: a proposal framework to identify cognitive processes and brain activity variables","volume":"26","author":"Micoulaud-Franchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.09.493","article-title":"Neurofeedback in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: efficacy","volume":"55","author":"Micoulaud-Franchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-01271-8","article-title":"Slow cortical potentials neurofeedback in children with ADHD: comorbidity, self-regulation and clinical outcomes 6\u00a0months after treatment in a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Aggensteiner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02130-3","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between digital media use and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review","volume":"33","author":"Thorell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0360","unstructured":"Garden - Ullo Labs n.d. https:\/\/labs.ullo.fr\/projects\/garden\/ (accessed September 12, 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0365","series-title":"Inner Garden interface tangible pour une approche sensorielle et po\u00e9tique du biofeedback","author":"Ramadour","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0370","first-page":"28","article-title":"The clinical global impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice","volume":"4","author":"Busner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010","article-title":"A Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)","volume":"40","author":"Shaffer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05305whi","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the mini international neuropsychiatric interview for children and adolescents (MINI-KID)","volume":"71","author":"Sheehan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022602400621","article-title":"The Revised Conners\u2019 Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity","volume":"26","author":"Conners","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054718815581","article-title":"Assessing ADHD through the multi-informant approach: the contribution of the Conners\u2019 3 Scales","volume":"23","author":"Izzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0395","first-page":"21","article-title":"Diagnosis of childhood-onset conditions in adult psychiatry","volume":"17","author":"Weiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prim Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1514-8","article-title":"The Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Form for assessing ADHD: evaluating diagnostic accuracy and determining optimal thresholds using ROC analysis","volume":"26","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.06.012","article-title":"A psychoengineering paradigm for the neurocognitive mechanisms of biofeedback and neurofeedback","volume":"68","author":"Gaume","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1121-4","article-title":"Sustained effects of neurofeedback in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Van Doren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-020-09455-2","article-title":"Neurofeedback and Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) in Children: Rating the Evidence and Proposed Guidelines","volume":"45","author":"Arns","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biof"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S251547","article-title":"Treatment Efficacy and Clinical Effectiveness of EEG Neurofeedback as a personalized and multimodal treatment in ADHD: a critical review","volume":"17","author":"Pimenta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.03.007","article-title":"Neurofeedback for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis of clinical and neuropsychological outcomes from randomized controlled trials","volume":"55","author":"Cortese","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0430","series-title":"Exploring biofeedback with a tangible interface designed for relaxation. PhyCS 2018","first-page":"54","author":"Hamon","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-014-9246-9","article-title":"Biofeedback for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Schoenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biof"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720000069","article-title":"Non-pharmacological interventions for adult ADHD: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Nimmo-Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0445","first-page":"47","article-title":"Comorbidity in ADHD: a neuropsychological perspective","author":"Flores Lazaro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Direct ADHD Treatm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-023-01070-5","article-title":"From lung to brain-respiration modulates neural and mental activity","volume":"39","author":"Goheen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(99)00060-3","article-title":"The cognitive-energetic model: an empirical approach to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"24","author":"Sergeant","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00215","article-title":"Attention, uncertainty, and free-energy","volume":"4","author":"Feldman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"}],"container-title":["L'Enc\u00e9phale"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013700626001648?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013700626001648?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T20:02:34Z","timestamp":1788206554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013700626001648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0013700626001648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7006","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biofeedback for Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in children: A pilot study of a multimodal approach of respiratory biofeedback to improve functional impact","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"L'Enc\u00e9phale","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.encep.2026.06.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 L'Enc\u00e9phale, Paris.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}