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(2001) War and Nature: Fighting Humans and Insects with Chemicals from World War I to Silent Spring, Cambridge University Press (Cambridge, UK); Bosso, C.J. (1987) Pesticides and Politics: The Life Cycle of a Public Issue, University of Pittsburgh Press (Pittsburgh, PA, USA); and Dunlap, T.R. (1981) DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy, Princeton University Press (Princeton, NJ, USA). For a recent popular account of rats, see Sullivan, R. (2004) Rats: Observations on the History and Habitat of the City's Most Unwanted Inhabitants, Bloomsbury (New York, NY, USA)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib2","unstructured":"(1942) Rats are Costly Pests and a Danger to Health. Sci. News Letter 41, p. 374; Richter, C.P. (1949) The Use of the Wild Norway Rat for Psychiatric Research. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 110, pp. 379\u2013386 (op. cit. p. 380); Cottam, C. and Zim, H.S. (1945) Saturday Evening Post 10 November p. 113; Ward, J.C. (1946) Rodent Control with 1080, ANTU, and Other War-Developed Toxic Agents. Amer. J. Pub. Health 36, pp. 1427\u20131431 (op. cit. p. 1427)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib3","unstructured":"Time 31 December (1945), p. 51; New York Times 18 December (1945), p. 22"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib4","unstructured":"Richter, C.P. (1954) The Effects of Domestication and Selection on the Behavior of the Norway Rat. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 15, pp. 727\u2013738; Clause, B.T. (1993) The Wistar Rat as a Right Choice: Establishing Mammalian Standards and the Ideal of a Standardized Mammal. J. Hist. Biol. 26, pp. 329\u2013349"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib5","unstructured":"Elton, C. (1954). Research on Rodent Control by the Bureau of Animal Population, September 1939 to July 1947. In Control of Rats and Mice (Vol. 1) (Chitty, D. and Southern, H.N., eds.), pp. 1\u201324, Clarendon Press (Oxford, UK); Shorten, M. (1954). The Reaction of the Brown Rat Towards Changes in its Environment. In Control of Rats and Mice (Vol. 2) (Chitty, D. and Southern, H.N., eds.), pp. 307\u2013334, Clarendon Press; Thompson, H.V. (1954) The Consumption of Plain and Poisoned Cereal Baits by the Brown Rat. In Control of Rats and Mice (Vol. 1), pp. 352\u2013373; Chitty, D. (1996) Do Lemmings Commit Suicide? Beautiful Hypotheses and Ugly Facts, Oxford University Press (New York, NY, USA), p. 71; Crowcroft, P. (1991) Elton's Ecologists: A History of the Bureau of Animal Population, University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL, USA)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib6","unstructured":"Ward, J.C. (1946), pp. 1427\u20131429; Cottam, C. and Zim, H.S. (1945), pp. 113\u2013114; Kalmbach, E.R. (1945) \u2018Ten-Eighty,\u2019 A War-Produced Rodenticide. Science 102, pp. 232\u2013233"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib7","unstructured":"Richter, C.P. (1968) Experiences of a Reluctant Rat-Catcher: The Common Norway Rat\u2013Friend or Enemy? Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 112, pp. 403\u2013415 (op. cit. p. 404); Richter, C.P. (1945) The Development and Use of Alpha-Napthyl Thiourea (ANTU) as a Rat Poison. JAMA 129, pp. 927\u2013931. On Richter's research career, see Schulkin, J. (2005) Curt Richter: A Life in the Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University Press (Baltimore, MD, USA)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib8","unstructured":"Richter, C.P. (1968), pp. 405\u2013406; Farrell, J.A. (1981) Baltimore News American 4 January. All Baltimore newspaper articles in the reference list were accessed via \u2018Rats\u2019 Vertical Files, Maryland Department, State Library Resource Center\/Pratt Central Library, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib9","unstructured":"Dieke, S.H. et al. (1947) The Acute Toxicity of Thioureas and Related Compounds to Wild and Domestic Norway Rats. J. Pharm. Exp. Therapy 90, pp. 260\u2013270; Richter, C.P. (1968), p. 406; (1948) Can Kill 300,000 Rats. Sci. News Letter 48, pp. 211\u2013212; Sinks, A.H. (1946) Rats Bite the Dust, Reader's Digest 46, pp. 52\u201354, (op. cit. p. 54)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richter, C.P. (1945), p. 928; Richter, C.P. (1968), p. 407; Fee, E. (1993) Partners in Community Health: The Baltimore City Health Department, the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, and the Eastern Health District, 1932\u20131992. Md. Med. J. 42, pp. 735\u2013744; Richter, C.P. (1945) Incidence of Rat Bites and Rat Bite Fever in Baltimore, JAMA 128, pp. 324\u2013326","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1945.02860220006002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib11","unstructured":"Letter of C.P. Richter to A.N. Richards dated 5 October 1942, Folder OEMcmr-59, Box 22, E 163, NC-138, RG 227, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland (hereafter designated NARA); Richter, C.P. (1945), p. 928; Richter, C.P. (1968), p. 407; Letter of James B. Donovan to Irvin Stewart dated 18 June 1943, Folder OEMcmr-59, Box 22, E 163, NC-138, RG 227, NARA"},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib12.1","unstructured":"Mitchell, J. (1944) The Rats on the Waterfront. In The Bottom of the Harbor, pp. 69\u201388, Little, Brown (New York, NY, USA), p. 69; Hayward, M.E. and Belfoure, C. (1999) The Baltimore Rowhouse, Princeton Architectural Press (New York, NY, USA), p. 172; Williams, C.E. (1942) Baltimore Sun 30 December; Baltimore Sun 7 January (1943);"},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib12.2","unstructured":"Mitchell, J. (1944) The Rats on the Waterfront. 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(1954) The Study of the Brown Rat and its Control by Poison. In Control of Rats and Mice (Vol. 1), pp. 160\u2013305 (op. cit. pp. 170\u2013171); Dice, L.R. (1941) Methods for Estimating Populations of Mammals. J. Wildlife Management 5, pp. 398\u2013407; Chitty, D. (1942) A Relative Census Method for Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Nature 150, pp. 59\u201360"},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib19.2","unstructured":"Richter, C.P. (1968), p. 408; Chitty, D. (1954) The Study of the Brown Rat and its Control by Poison. In Control of Rats and Mice (Vol. 1), pp. 160\u2013305 (op. cit. pp. 170\u2013171); Dice, L.R. (1941) Methods for Estimating Populations of Mammals. J. Wildlife Management 5, pp. 398\u2013407; Chitty, D. (1942) A Relative Census Method for Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Nature 150, pp. 59\u201360"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emlen, J.T. (1944) Device for Holding Live Wild Rats. J. 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(1946), pp. 52\u201354; Business Week 24 November (1945), p. 37; Waltz, G.H. (1947) Pound of Poison Kills 200,000 Rats. Pop. Sci. Monthly 150, pp. 91\u201394; Barton, W.S. (1945) Los Angeles Times 12 November, p. A1 and p. A8; (1946) Quick Death for Rats. Better Homes and Gardens 24, pp. 16\u201317; New York Times 6 October (1946), p. X20; New York Times 13 October (1946), p. 82"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richter, C.P. (1945), p. 929; Richter, C.P. and Emlen, J.T. (1946) Instructions for Using ANTU as a Poison for the Common Norway Rat. Public Health Reports 61, pp. 602\u2013607","DOI":"10.2307\/4585643"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2005.07.004_bib25","unstructured":"Ward, J.C. (1945) Rodenticides\u2013Present and Future. Soap and Sanitary Chemicals 21, pp. 117\u2013127; Cottam, C. and Zim, H.S. (1945), p. 114; Ward, J.C. (1946), p. 1427; (1947) A New Rat Poison. 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