{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:23:59Z","timestamp":1774538639807,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinolog\u00eda, Diabetes y Nutrici\u00f3n (English ed.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T23:23:50Z","timestamp":1759879430000},"page":"501578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Therapeutic effects of chromium supplementation on women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Hamsho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yazan","family":"Ranneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulmannan","family":"Fadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0275","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Azziz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.24","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: definition, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Escobar-Morreale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex308","article-title":"Insulin resistance in a large cohort of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comparison between euglycaemic\u2013hyperinsulinaemic clamp and surrogate indexes","volume":"32","author":"Tosi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S70314","article-title":"Complications and challenges associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: current perspectives","volume":"1","author":"Palomba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Women's Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-020-00746-0","article-title":"Comparison of dietary micronutrient intake in PCOS patients with and without metabolic syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Zaeemzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072452","article-title":"Nutrition strategy and life style in polycystic ovary syndrome \u2013 narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Szczuko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0305","first-page":"419","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of nutrition in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"67","author":"Szczuko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-108-4-1441","article-title":"Insulin enhancement of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by cultured pituitary cells","volume":"108","author":"Adashi","year":"1981","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0315","first-page":"2001","article-title":"Insulin stimulates testosterone biosynthesis by human thecal cells from women with polycystic ovary syndrome by activating its own receptor and using inositolglycan mediators as the signal transduction system","volume":"83","author":"Nestler","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.102","article-title":"The management of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Jayasena","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01008.x","article-title":"PCOS according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria: change in prevalence among WHO-II anovulation and association with metabolic factors","volume":"113","author":"Broekmans","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0330","article-title":"Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: implications for pathogenesis and novel management strategies","volume":"13","author":"Barber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(94)90118-X","article-title":"Body fat distribution has weight-independent effects on clinical, hormonal, and metabolic features of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Pasquali","year":"1994","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.6.1255","article-title":"Body composition characteristics and body fat distribution in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Kirchengast","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0345","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adipose tissue in obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance: cells, cytokines, and chemokines","volume":"2013","author":"Makki","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02909.x","article-title":"Improvement in endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Kiddy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0355","first-page":"2586","article-title":"Restored insulin sensitivity but persistently increased early insulin secretion after weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Holte","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2020.101894","article-title":"Implementing the international evidence-based guideline of assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): how to achieve weight loss in overweight and obese women with PCOS?","volume":"50","author":"Fong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa092","article-title":"Effects of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load on cardiometabolic and reproductive profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Kazemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0370","first-page":"9","article-title":"Mediterranean diet combined with a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern in the treatment of overweight polycystic ovary syndrome patients","volume":"4","author":"Mei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102278","article-title":"Adherence to the mediterranean diet dietary patterns and body composition in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"11","author":"Barrea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac023","article-title":"Comparison of dietary and physical activity behaviors in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 39471 women","volume":"28","author":"Kazemi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-014-9941-7","article-title":"Zinc and homocysteine levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients with insulin resistance","volume":"158","author":"G\u00fcler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mefs.2017.11.003","article-title":"Status of serum selenium and zinc in patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome with and without insulin resistance","volume":"23","author":"Kanafchian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Middle East Fertil Soc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1548790","article-title":"Effects of zinc supplementation on markers of insulin resistance and lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Foroozanfard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-023-03664-6","article-title":"Investigation of the association of serum trace elements concentrations and serum biochemical parameters with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome: a case\u2013control study","volume":"202","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105098","article-title":"Effects of chromium supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"161","author":"Asbaghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2017.04.008","article-title":"Chromium supplementation and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Fazelian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-101835","article-title":"The effects of supplementation with chromium on insulin resistance indices in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"50","author":"Heshmati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0435","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version 5.1.0","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0440","first-page":"611","article-title":"Metformin versus chromium picolinate in clomiphene citrate-resistant patients with PCOs: a double-blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Amooee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12907","article-title":"Chromium picolinate reduces insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Ashoush","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-015-0570-6","article-title":"The effects of chromium supplementation on endocrine profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"172","author":"Jamilian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000438465","article-title":"Chromium supplementation and the effects on metabolic status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"67","author":"Jamilian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1236-3","article-title":"The influences of chromium supplementation on glycemic control, markers of cardio-metabolic risk, and oxidative stress in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome women candidate for in vitro fertilization: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"185","author":"Jamilian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0465","first-page":"9","article-title":"The effects of chromium supplementation on gene expression of insulin, lipid, and inflammatory markers in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome candidate for in vitro fertilization: a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Siavashani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2018.1557144","article-title":"Carnitine and chromium co-supplementation affects mental health, hormonal, inflammatory, genetic, and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Jamilian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01720-8","article-title":"Effects of chromium and carnitine co-supplementation on body weight and metabolic profiles in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"193","author":"Jamilian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.21608\/egyfs.2019.105428","article-title":"Use of metformin versus chromium picolinate in the management of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Kishk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egypt J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.21608\/ebwhj.2022.116590.1165","article-title":"Role of chromium versus metformin supplementations as adjuvant for ovulation induction by clomiphene citrate in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Borg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Evidence-Based Women's Health Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.12.027","article-title":"Lipid levels in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Wild","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms059","article-title":"Circulating markers of oxidative stress and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Murri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2020.74.289-293","article-title":"Follicle stimulating hormone (LH:FSH) ratio in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) \u2013 obese vs non-obese women","volume":"74","author":"Saadia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicinski Arhiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12081922","article-title":"Hirsutism, normal androgens and diagnosis of PCOS","volume":"12","author":"Spritzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2018.77615","article-title":"Grading of hirsutism based on the Ferriman\u2013Gallwey scoring system in Kosovar women","volume":"35","author":"Lumezi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0323-4","article-title":"Role of l-carnitine in female infertility","volume":"16","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12026","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512026","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism and its possible effects on endometrial receptivity: a review","volume":"24","author":"Yusuf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.06.028","article-title":"Effect of chromium supplementation on insulin resistance and ovarian and menstrual cyclicity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Lucidi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.07.623","article-title":"A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing chromium picolinate to metformin for the treatment of insulin resistance in obese, Hispanic women with polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Fogle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2014.05.005","article-title":"The effect of chromium supplementation on polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Amr","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16410","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16410","article-title":"Comparison of nutritional supplements in improving glycolipid metabolism and endocrine function in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"}],"container-title":["Endocrinolog\u00eda, Diabetes y Nutrici\u00f3n (English ed.)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2530018025001106?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2530018025001106?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T07:23:46Z","timestamp":1760081026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2530018025001106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2530018025001106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578","relation":{},"ISSN":["2530-0180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2530-0180","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Therapeutic effects of chromium supplementation on women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrinolog\u00eda, Diabetes y Nutrici\u00f3n (English ed.)","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.endien.2025.501578","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 SEEN and SED. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"501578"}}