{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:29:24Z","timestamp":1782390564025,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,3]],"date-time":"2004-04-03T10:19:28Z","timestamp":1080987568000},"page":"1085-1104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Availability analysis of a turbocharged diesel engine operating under transient load conditions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"C.D.","family":"Rakopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.G.","family":"Giakoumis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB1","series-title":"Internal combustion engine fundamentals","author":"Heywood","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB2","series-title":"Internal combustion engines","author":"Benson","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB3","volume":"vol. II","author":"Horlock","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB4","first-page":"1413","article-title":"Development and validation of a 3-D multi-zone combustion model for the prediction of DI diesel engines performance and pollutants emissions","volume":"107","author":"Rakopoulos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans SAE J Engines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB5","first-page":"718","article-title":"Development of new 3-D multi-zone combustion model for indirect injection diesel engines with a swirl type prechamber","volume":"109","author":"Rakopoulos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans SAE J Engines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB6","series-title":"SAE paper no. 770123","article-title":"A non-linear digital simulation of turbocharged diesel engines under transient conditions","author":"Watson","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB7","series-title":"SAE paper no. 770122","article-title":"Transient response of turbocharged diesel engines","author":"Winterbone","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB8","series-title":"SAE paper no.810338","article-title":"Transient performance simulation and analysis of turbocharged diesel engines","author":"Watson","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB9","series-title":"SAE paper no. 940666","article-title":"Diesel exhaust emissions prediction under transient operating conditions","author":"Bazari","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(96)00233-6","article-title":"Simulation and analysis of a naturally aspirated, indirect injection diesel engine under transient conditions comprising the effect of various dynamic and thermodynamic parameters","volume":"39","author":"Rakopoulos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Energy Convers Mgmt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB11","first-page":"905","article-title":"A simulation analysis of the effect of governor technical characteristics and type on the transient performance of a naturally aspirated IDI diesel engine","volume":"106","author":"Rakopoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trans SAE J Engines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-114X(19980325)22:4<317::AID-ER368>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Experimental and simulation analysis of the transient operation of a turbocharged multi-cylinder IDI diesel engine","volume":"22","author":"Rakopoulos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Energy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB13","series-title":"Availability analysis: a guide to efficient energy use","author":"Moran","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB14","series-title":"Thermal design and optimization","author":"Bejan","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB15","first-page":"547","article-title":"Second law analysis of turbocharged engine operation","volume":"100","author":"Bozza","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans SAE J Engines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/00102209408907687","article-title":"Sources of combustion irreversibility","volume":"103","author":"Dunbar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Combust Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2905924","article-title":"The component equations of energy and exergy","volume":"114","author":"Dunbar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trans ASME J Energy Res Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-5442(91)90155-F","article-title":"Combining fuel cells with fuel-fired plants for improved exergy efficiency","volume":"16","author":"Dunbar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB19","series-title":"SAE paper no. 840032","article-title":"A new perspective on diesel engine evaluation based on second law analysis","author":"Flynn","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB20","first-page":"1061","article-title":"An assessment of turbocharging systems for diesel engines from first and second law perspectives","volume":"97","author":"McKinley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trans SAE J Engines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2906467","article-title":"Second-law analysis of diesel engine combustion","volume":"112","author":"Van Gerpen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trans ASME J Eng Gas Turbines Power"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/00102208308923609","article-title":"Energy and entropy balances in a combustion chamber","volume":"30","author":"Beretta","year":"1983","journal-title":"Combust Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-4332(93)90016-O","article-title":"Availability accumulation and destruction in a DI diesel engine with special reference to the limited cooled case","volume":"13","author":"Rakopoulos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Heat Recov Syst CHP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-8904(93)90126-U","article-title":"Evaluation of a spark ignition engine cycle using first and second-law analysis techniques","volume":"33","author":"Rakopoulos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Energy Convers Mgmt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(96)00055-6","article-title":"Development of cumulative and availability rate balances in a multi-cylinder turbocharged IDI diesel engine","volume":"38","author":"Rakopoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Energy Convers Mgmt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-4311(96)00014-2","article-title":"Speed and load effects on the availability balances and irreversibilities production in a multi-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine","volume":"17","author":"Rakopoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Therm Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-5442(01)00027-5","article-title":"Comparative second-law analysis of internal combustion engine operation for methane, methanol, and dodecane fuels","volume":"26","author":"Rakopoulos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-5442(97)00017-0","article-title":"Simulation and exergy analysis of transient diesel engine operation","volume":"22","author":"Rakopoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1299\/jsme1958.26.569","article-title":"Development and use of a spray combustion modeling to predict diesel engine efficiency and pollutant emissions","volume":"26","author":"Hiroyasu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull JSME"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB30","series-title":"SAE paper no. 840179","article-title":"A new approach to evaluate instantaneous friction and its components in internal combustion engines","author":"Rezeka","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028_BIB31","first-page":"91","article-title":"A simulation technique for the fuel injection system of diesel engines","volume":"vol. 24","author":"Kouremenos","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["Energy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360544204000726?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360544204000726?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T08:20:20Z","timestamp":1550132420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360544204000726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0360544204000726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.energy.2004.02.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-5442"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-5442","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}}}