{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:13:08Z","timestamp":1788250388608,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["eNeurologicalSci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:51:24Z","timestamp":1783529484000},"page":"100618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Associations of glycated hemoglobin with etiology, lesions, and outcome of ischemic stroke: Japan Stroke Data Bank"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Egashira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Miwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohei","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Ishigami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsushi","family":"Toda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Imanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Minematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917","article-title":"World stroke organization (WSO): global stroke fact sheet 2022","volume":"17","author":"Feigin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2005.02.001","article-title":"Diabetes worsens the outcome of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"69","author":"Kaarisalo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4137\/BMI.S38440","article-title":"Significance of HbA1c test in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients","volume":"11","author":"Sherwani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomark. Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.617415","article-title":"Prestroke glycemic control is associated with the functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke: the Fukuoka Stroke Registry","volume":"42","author":"Kamouchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.201","article-title":"Risk factors for myocardial infarction case fatality and stroke case fatality in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 66","volume":"27","author":"Stevens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1006524","article-title":"Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"364","author":"ACCORD Study Group","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1732","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011555","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, glycemic traits, and cerebrovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"96","author":"Georgakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1738","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200153","article-title":"Etiology and outcome of ischemic stroke in patients with renal impairment including chronic kidney disease: Japan stroke data bank","volume":"98","author":"Miwa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-325306","article-title":"Visualisation of the non-linear correlation between age and poor outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"92","author":"Ikawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.4346","article-title":"Twenty-year change in severity and outcome of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes","volume":"79","author":"Toyoda","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke: definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial: TOAST: Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment","volume":"24","author":"Adams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13306","article-title":"Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019","volume":"11","author":"Araki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930241249370","article-title":"Clinical impact of body mass index on outcomes of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes","volume":"19","author":"Miwa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2007.02.003","article-title":"Diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with ischemic stroke: differences, subtype distribution and outcome","volume":"18","author":"Tuttolomondo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004173","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes, glucose, insulin, BMI, and ischemic stroke subtypes: Mendelian randomization study","volume":"89","author":"Larsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12508","article-title":"Risk factors for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in Chinese vs. Caucasians: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0085","first-page":"280","article-title":"Risk factors in various subtypes of ischemic stroke according to TOAST criteria","volume":"21","author":"Aquil","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.043635","article-title":"Emergent large vessel occlusion due to intracranial stenosis: identification, management, challenges, and future directions","volume":"55","author":"Al Kasab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308441","article-title":"Stroke caused by atherosclerosis of the major intracranial arteries","volume":"120","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.168005","article-title":"Ethnic differences in hypertension incidence among middle-aged and older adults","volume":"57","author":"Carson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197304000-00001","article-title":"Intracranial vascular lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"32","author":"Aronson","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(98)00103-X","article-title":"Stroke topography in diabetic and nondiabetic patients by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"42","author":"Iwase","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S205","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(94)90250-X","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and cerebral vascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Kameyama","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1981.tb06724.x","article-title":"Cerebral circulation in acute arterial hypertension--protective effects of sympathetic nervous activity","volume":"111","author":"Beausang-Linder","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0125","article-title":"Association between elevated hemoglobin A1c levels and the outcomes of patients with small-artery occlusion: a hospital-based study","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1247693","article-title":"Association of HbA1c with functional outcome by ischemic stroke subtypes and age","volume":"14","author":"Jeong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164112459663","article-title":"Hyperglycaemia in acute lacunar stroke: a Chinese hospital-based study","volume":"10","author":"Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199378","article-title":"Anemia modifies the prognostic value of glycated hemoglobin in patients with diabetic chronic kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Kuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["eNeurologicalSci"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405650226000158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405650226000158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:14:34Z","timestamp":1788246874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405650226000158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S2405650226000158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6502"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6502","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations of glycated hemoglobin with etiology, lesions, and outcome of ischemic stroke: Japan Stroke Data Bank","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"eNeurologicalSci","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ensci.2026.100618","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100618"}}