{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:34:39Z","timestamp":1782808479742,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009-0093848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009-0093848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,24]],"date-time":"2014-10-24T00:15:31Z","timestamp":1414109731000},"page":"136-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2512,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0487-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsanul","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamin","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(00)00393-2","article-title":"Apoptosis and nuclear factor-kappa B: a tale of association and dissociation","volume":"60","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0015","unstructured":"Ahn Y, Kim S, Nah H. The Great Attack of Fine Dust from China. Chosun Ilbo, 2013;25\u201327."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0005","author":"Airkorea"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-010-0101-8","article-title":"Particulate air pollution, systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Araujo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Air Qual Atmos Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181debc88","article-title":"Urban ambient particle metrics and health. A time series analysis","volume":"21","author":"Atkinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0030","first-page":"67","article-title":"Particle characteristics responsible for effects on human lung epithelial cells","volume":"110","author":"Aust","year":"2002","journal-title":"Res Rep Health Eff Inst"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.021101069","article-title":"Daily average exposures to respirable particulate matter from combustion of biomass fuels in rural households of southern India","volume":"110","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8674","article-title":"The effects of air pollution on hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease in elderly people in Australian and New Zealand cities","volume":"114","author":"Barnett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn252","article-title":"Seasonal and regional short-term effects of fine particles on hospital admissions in 202 US counties, 1999\u20132005","volume":"168","author":"Bell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2010.504758","article-title":"Association of size-resolved number concentrations of particulate matter with cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions and mortality in Prague, Czech Republic","volume":"22","author":"Branis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1021\/es2025752","article-title":"Exposure assessment for estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to outdoor air pollution Environ","volume":"46","author":"Brauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0060","article-title":"Thoracic and respirable particle definitions for human health risk assessment","volume":"12","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105614","article-title":"The role of particulate size and chemistry in the association between summertime ambient air pollution and hospitalization for cardiorespiratory diseases","volume":"105","author":"Burnett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91136","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091136","article-title":"Short-term effects of the particulate pollutants contained in Saharan dust on the visits of children to the emergency department due to asthmatic conditions in Guadeloupe (French Archipelago of the Caribbean)","volume":"9","author":"Cadelis","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2012.11.0302","article-title":"Evolution of PM2.5 measurements and standards in the US and Future perspectives for China","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.10.078","article-title":"Measurement of nucleation and soot mode particle emission from a diesel passenger car in real world and laboratory in situ dilution","volume":"41","author":"Casati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2004.07.005","article-title":"Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Taipei, Taiwan","volume":"98","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0090","first-page":"410","article-title":"A health-based economic assessment of particulate air pollution in 113 Chinese cities","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"China Environ Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.10.022","article-title":"Characteristics and health impacts of particulate matter pollution in China 2001\u20132011","volume":"65","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.02.066","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variation of chemical composition and mass closure of ambient coarse particulate matter (PM10\u20132.5) in the Los Angeles area","volume":"45","author":"Cheung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.052704","article-title":"Long-term air pollution exposure and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among the elderly in Taiwan","volume":"68","author":"Chuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182770237","article-title":"The effect of air pollution control on life expectancy in the United States: an analysis of 545 us counties for the period 2000 to 2007","volume":"24","author":"Correia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0115","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Bioavailable transition metals in particulate matter mediate cardiopulmonary injury in healthy and compromised animal models","volume":"105","author":"Costa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2006.07.001","article-title":"Toxicological assessment of ambient and traffic-related particulate matter: a review of recent studies","volume":"613","author":"De-Kok","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0120","author":"Department of the Environment, Australia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2001.4275","article-title":"The two PM2.5 (fine) and PM2.5\u201310 (coarse) fractions: evidence of different biological activity","volume":"86","author":"Diociaiuti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.10.1127","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases","volume":"295","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0140","author":"Draggan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0145","author":"Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0150","series-title":"Congressional Research Service 7-5700, n. R42934","first-page":"6","article-title":"Air quality: EPA's 2013 changes to the particulate matter (PM) standard","author":"Esworthy","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0155","author":"European Commission (EU)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-1377-2013","article-title":"Air pollution and associated human mortality: the role of air pollutant emissions, climate change and methane concentration increases from the preindustrial period to present","volume":"13","author":"Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.08.053","article-title":"Particulate matter in the indoor air of classrooms exploratory results from Munich and surrounding area","volume":"41","author":"Fromme","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0170","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advances of study on monitoring and evaluation of PM2.5 pollution","volume":"34","author":"Fu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Meteorol Disaster Reduc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-011-0519-z","article-title":"Short-term effect of fine particulate matter (PM10) and ozone on daily mortality in Lisbon","volume":"18","author":"Garrett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Portugal. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.07.006","article-title":"Chemical characteristics and mutagenic activity 7 of PM10 in Torino, a Northern Italian City","volume":"385","author":"Gilli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199901000-00004","article-title":"Particulate and ozone pollutant effects on the respiratory function of children in southwest Mexico City","volume":"10","author":"Gold","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.11.1267","article-title":"Ambient pollution and heart rate variability","volume":"101","author":"Gold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2004.02.017","article-title":"Oxidant mechanisms in response to ambient air particles","volume":"25","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Flecha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2010.544033","article-title":"Short-term impact of particulate matter (PM2.5) on respiratory mortality in Madrid","volume":"21","author":"Guaita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31818c7237","article-title":"Particulate air pollution and acute cardiorespiratory hospital admissions and mortality among the elderly","volume":"20","author":"Halonen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.07.040","article-title":"Source apportionment and organic compound characterization of ambient ultrafine particulate matter (PM) in the Los Angeles Basin","volume":"79","author":"Hasheminassab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2007.09.011","article-title":"Particulate matter and carbon dioxide in classrooms\u2014the impact of cleaning and ventilation","volume":"212","author":"Heudorf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(97)03664-0","article-title":"Airborne particulate matter modulates the production of reactive oxygen species in human polymorphonuclear granulocytes","volume":"120","author":"Hitzfeld","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-006-7706-2","article-title":"New metal emission patterns in road traffic environments","volume":"117","author":"Hjortenkrans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0220","first-page":"1398","article-title":"Assessment on health economic costs of particulate air pollution in Lanzhou during 2002\u20132009","volume":"31","author":"Hou","year":"2011","journal-title":"China Environ Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.06.094","article-title":"An assessment of China's PM10 related health economic losses in 2009","volume":"435\u2013436","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.4236\/jep.2013.47086","article-title":"A study of smog issues and PM2.5 pollutant control strategies in China","volume":"4","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Environ Protect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0240","first-page":"175","article-title":"Critical analysis of strategies for PM reduction in urban areas","volume":"75","author":"Ionescu","year":"2013","journal-title":"U P B Sci Bull Serie D"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.05.062","article-title":"Short-term effects of PM 2.5, PM10 and PM2.5\u201310 on daily mortality in the Netherlands","volume":"463\u2013464","author":"Janssen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8957","article-title":"Activation of NF-jB by PM10 occurs via an iron mediated mechanism in the absence of IjB degradation","volume":"166","author":"Jimenez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-006-9296-4","article-title":"Spatial & temporal variations of PM10 and particle number concentrations in urban air","volume":"127","author":"Johansson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-240","article-title":"Ambient biomass smoke and cardio-respiratory hospital admissions in Darwin, Australia","volume":"7","author":"Johnston","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0265","series-title":"The case of wintertime 2011","first-page":"6557","article-title":"Determination and analysis of PM10 source apportionment during episodes of air pollution in Central Eastern European urban areas","volume":"45","author":"Juda-Rezler","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2012.08.002","article-title":"Genotoxic effects and oxidative stress induced by organic extracts of particulate matter (PM10) collected from a subway tunnel in Seoul, Korea","volume":"749","author":"Jung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-011-2428-5","article-title":"Indoor air quality assessment in child care and medical facilities in Korea","volume":"184","author":"Kabir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1021\/tx970049r","article-title":"In vivo evidence of free radical formation in the rat lung after exposure to an emission source air pollution particle","volume":"10","author":"Kadiiska","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.05.007","article-title":"A review on human health perspective of air pollution with respect to allergies and asthma","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.08.025","article-title":"Climate change, air quality, and human health","volume":"35","author":"Kinney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0295","first-page":"413","article-title":"Evaluating the effects of ambient air pollution on life expectancy","volume":"360","author":"Krewski","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7523","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and atherosclerosis in Los Angeles","volume":"113","author":"Kunzli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200503-443OC","article-title":"Reduction in fine particulate air pollution and mortality: extended follow-up of the Harvard six cities study","volume":"173","author":"Laden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1021\/tx0503101","article-title":"Exposure to wear particles generated from studded tires and pavement induces inflammatory cytokine release from human macrophages","volume":"19","author":"Lindbom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2005.11.004","article-title":"A set-up for field studies of respiratory tract deposition of fine and ultrafine particles in humans","volume":"37","author":"Londahl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Aerosol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370601051677","article-title":"Size-resolved respiratory-tract deposition of fine and ultrafine hydrophobic and hygroscopic aerosol particles during rest and exercise","volume":"19","author":"Londahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"issue":"22\u201323","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2012.721177","article-title":"Levels and indoor\u2013outdoor relationships of size-specific particulate matter in naturally ventilated Portuguese schools","volume":"75","author":"Madureira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003026","article-title":"Saharan dust and association between particulate matter and daily mortality in Rome, Italy","volume":"119","author":"Mallone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2011.01.015","article-title":"Indoor particulate matter increases asthma morbidity in children with non-atopic and atopic asthma","volume":"106","author":"McCormack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103995","article-title":"Estimated short-term effects of coarse particles on daily mortality in Stockholm, Sweden","volume":"120","author":"Meister","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-7-39","article-title":"A 10-year time-series analysis of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in Nicosia, Cyprus: the effect of short-term changes in air pollution and dust storms","volume":"7","author":"Middleton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054409","article-title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular events in women","volume":"356","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0355","author":"Ministry of the Environment, Japan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2001.10464360","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a continuous coarse (PM10\u2013PM2.5) particle monitor","volume":"51","author":"Misra","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Air Waste Manage Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.02.030","article-title":"Air pollution, oxidative damage to DNA and carcinogenesis","volume":"266","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0370","first-page":"11","article-title":"Roundtable on fine particles","volume":"21","author":"Oh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecovision Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.11.073","article-title":"In vitro biological effects of airborne PM2.5 and PM10 from a semi-desert city on the Mexico\u2013US border","volume":"83","author":"Osornio-Vargas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103618","article-title":"The effects of particulate matter sources on daily mortality: a case-crossover study of Barcelona, Spain","volume":"119","author":"Ostro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0698","article-title":"Association between fine particulate matter and diabetes prevalence in the U.S.","volume":"33","author":"Pearson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.18.2172","article-title":"Coarse particulate matter air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among Medicare patients","volume":"299","author":"Peng","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.07.001","article-title":"Saharan dust, particulate matter and cause-specific mortality: a case-crossover study in Barcelona (Spain)","volume":"48","author":"Perez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01640.x","article-title":"Inhaled endotoxin and organic dust particulates have synergistic proinflammatory effects in equine heaves (organic dust-induced asthma)","volume":"33","author":"Pirie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000108927.80044.7F","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease","volume":"109","author":"Pope","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0805646","article-title":"Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States","volume":"360","author":"Pope","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.10.697","article-title":"Urban air pollution and cardiopulmonary ill health: a 14.5year time series study","volume":"55","author":"Prescott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900572","article-title":"Chronic fine and coarse particulate exposure, mortality, and coronary heart disease in the Nurses' Health Study","volume":"117","author":"Puett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11345","article-title":"Acute effects of ambient particulate matter on mortality in Europe and North America: results from the APHENA Study","volume":"116","author":"Samoli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb8000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60898-3","article-title":"Global association of air pollution and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"382","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2197","article-title":"China's response to the air pollution shock","volume":"4","author":"Sheehan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Clim Chang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2217\/epi.13.16","article-title":"Exposure to airborne particulate matter is associated with methylation pattern in the asthma pathway","volume":"5","author":"Sofer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.05.082","article-title":"Source characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 mass using a chemical mass balance model at urban roadside","volume":"433","author":"Srimuruganandam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb7000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jes.7500538","article-title":"Daily mortality and particulate matter in different size classes in Erfurt, Germany","volume":"17","author":"St\u00f6lzel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.893461","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of ambient particulate air pollution exposure","volume":"121","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01715-1","article-title":"Particulate air pollution induces progression of atherosclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Suwa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390801907459","article-title":"Particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10\u20132.5, and PM10) and children's hospital admissions for asthma and respiratory diseases: a bidirectional case-crossover study","volume":"71","author":"Tecer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.04.020","article-title":"Size-fractionated PM10 monitoring in relation to the contribution of endotoxins in different polluted areas","volume":"45","author":"Traversi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0465","first-page":"339","article-title":"Airborne particulate matter and human health: toxicological assessment and importance of size and composition of particles for oxidative damage and carcinogenic mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"Valavanidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2005.04.024","article-title":"Hospital indoor respirable particles and carbonaceous composition","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi135","article-title":"Particulate air pollution and the rate of hospitalization for congestive heart failure among medicare beneficiaries in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","volume":"161","author":"Wellenius","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.08.061","article-title":"Particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure in seven United States cities","volume":"97","author":"Wellenius","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0485","author":"World Bank (WB)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0490","series-title":"Health effects of particulate matter. Policy implications for countries in eastern Europe, Caucasus and central Asia","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2007.10.003","article-title":"Indoor air quality investigation according to age of the school buildings in Korea","volume":"90","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7550","article-title":"The effect of particulate air pollution on emergency admissions for myocardial infarction: a multicity casecrossover analysis","volume":"113","author":"Zanobetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800108","article-title":"The effects of fine and coarse particulate air pollution on mortality: a national analysis","volume":"117","author":"Zanobetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2007.04.019","article-title":"Economic assessment of the health effects related to particulate matter pollution in 111 Chinese cities by using economic burden of disease analysis","volume":"88","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412014002992?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412014002992?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T11:28:43Z","timestamp":1758972523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412014002992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["S0160412014002992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}