{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:21:41Z","timestamp":1777526501509,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]],"date-time":"2016-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000616","name":"Fisheries Society of the British Isles","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000616","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Marie Curie Fellowship","award":["FP7-PEOPLE-2012-327941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-PEOPLE-2012-327941"]}]},{"name":"Severo Ochoa Program for Centres of Excellence in R+D+I","award":["SEV-2012-0262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEV-2012-0262"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]],"date-time":"2016-03-17T21:16:09Z","timestamp":1458249369000},"page":"265-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chronic nitrate enrichment decreases severity and induces protection against an infectious disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Willow","family":"Smallbone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Cable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Maceda-Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(06)64003-7","article-title":"The biology of gyrodactylid monogeneans: the \u201cRussian-doll killers\u201d","volume":"64","author":"Bakke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0010","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Aquatic Ecotoxicology","first-page":"883","article-title":"Pollution acclimation, adaptation, resistance, and tolerance in ecotoxicology","author":"Biagianti-Risbourg","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01817.x","article-title":"Outdoor immunology: methodological considerations for ecologists","volume":"25","author":"Boughton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2003.00544.x","article-title":"Nutrient enrichment can increase the severity of coral diseases","volume":"6","author":"Bruno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb9666","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2307\/3284227","article-title":"Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited","author":"Bush","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.04.013","article-title":"The impact of parasites on the life history evolution of guppies (Poecilia reticulata): the effects of host size on parasite virulence","volume":"37","author":"Cable","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.10.044","article-title":"Nitrate toxicity to aquatic animals: a review with new data for freshwater invertebrates","volume":"58","author":"Camargo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.06.099","article-title":"Ecological relevance of biomarkers in monitoring studies of macro-invertebrates and fish in Mediterranean rivers","volume":"540","author":"Colin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1945.02860360014004","article-title":"Cyanosis in infants caused by nitrate in well water","volume":"129","author":"Comly","year":"1945","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2003)089[0290:EOEIIF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Epizootiology of Eustrongylides ignotus in Florida: transmission and development of larvae in intermediate hosts","volume":"89","author":"Coyner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0233","first-page":"1","article-title":"Council Directive 19\/676\/EEC of 12 December, 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources","volume":"375","author":"EEC","year":"1991","journal-title":"Official Journal L"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb1138","first-page":"372","article-title":"Directive 2006\/118\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration","author":"ECC","year":"2006","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union, L"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb9000","unstructured":"EEA, 2009. Nitrate vulnerable zones in EU available at: http:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/figures\/nitrate-vulnerable-zones-eu with nitrate value provided by the Catalan Water Agency in Catalonia, Spain."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb4869","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2009.06.002","article-title":"Optimal release strategies for captive-bred animals in reintroduction programs: experimental infections using the guppy as a model organism","volume":"143","author":"Faria","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb1948","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.09.004","article-title":"Effects of waterborne zinc on reproduction, survival and morphometrics of Gyrodactylus turnbulli (Monogenea) on guppies (Poecilia reticulata)","volume":"37","author":"Gheorghiu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2004.03.019","article-title":"Recovery of Siberian sturgeon yearlings after an acute exposure to environmental nitrite: changes in the plasmatic ionic balance, Na+\u2013K+ ATPase activity, and gill histology","volume":"239","author":"Gisbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-013-0761-4","article-title":"The skin of fish as a transport epithelium: a review","volume":"183","author":"Glover","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2011.02576.x","article-title":"Changes of nitrogen and phosphorus loads to European seas","volume":"18","author":"Grizzetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/45.1.19","article-title":"Is nitrate an ecologically relevant endocrine disruptor in vertebrates?","volume":"45","author":"Guillette","year":"2005","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb7858","series-title":"A review of nitrate toxicity to freshwater aquatic species","author":"Hickey","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-014-1760-5","article-title":"Combined effects of flow condition and parasitism on shoaling behaviour of female guppies Poecilia reticulata","volume":"68","author":"Hockley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130814","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0814","article-title":"Fish responses to flow velocity and turbulence in relation to size, sex and parasite load","volume":"11","author":"Hockley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200810425","article-title":"Simultaneous inference in general parametric models","volume":"50","author":"Hothorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biom. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.02.131","article-title":"Effects of ammonia and nitrate concentration on hematologic and serum biochemical profiles of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis)","volume":"58","author":"Hrubec","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0095","series-title":"Infectious Disease Ecology: Effects of Ecosystems on Disease and of Disease on Ecosystems","article-title":"Influence of eutrophication on disease in aquatic","volume":"71","author":"Johnson","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15781","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707763104","article-title":"Aquatic eutrophication promotes pathogenic infection in amphibians","volume":"104","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1890\/08-0633.1","article-title":"Linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease emergence in humans and wildlife","volume":"20","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2011.12.028","article-title":"Changes in the visual environment affect colour signal brightness and shoaling behaviour in a freshwater fish","volume":"83","author":"Kelley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(97)01072-7","article-title":"Environmental parasitology: what can parasites tell us about human impacts on the environment?","volume":"13","author":"Lafferty","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0120","series-title":"Applied Ecology and Human Dimensions in Biological Conservation","first-page":"73","article-title":"Biodiversity loss and infectious diseases","author":"Lafferty","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0125","first-page":"187","article-title":"Ectoparasites of native cyprinid Barbus haasi: first record of Trichodina acuta and Trichodina fultoni in Iberian catchments","volume":"33","author":"Maceda-Veiga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.012","article-title":"Metal concentrations and pathological responses of wild native fish exposed to sewage discharge in a Mediterranean river","volume":"449","author":"Maceda-Veiga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.02.004","article-title":"Inside the Redbox: applications of haematology in wildlife monitoring and ecosystem health assessment","volume":"514","author":"Maceda-Veiga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.06.036","article-title":"Chronic effects of temperature and nitrate pollution on Daphnia magna: is this cladoceran suitable for widespread use as a tertiary treatment?","volume":"83","author":"Maceda-Veiga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.11.002","article-title":"Combined effects of parasites and contaminants on animal health: parasites do matter","volume":"27","author":"Marcogliese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-007-0131-3","article-title":"Parasitic and infectious disease responses to changing global nutrient cycles","volume":"4","author":"McKenzie","year":"2007","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0155","author":"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0160","unstructured":"Olstad K. (2013): NOBANIS \u2013 Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet \u2013 Gyrodactylus salaris \u2013 From: Online Database of the European Network on Invasive Alien Species \u2013 NOBANIS www.nobanis.org, Date of access 02\/02\/2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1977.tb04044.x","article-title":"Some environmental and nutritional factors affecting growth and sporulation of Aspergillus sydowi","volume":"39","author":"Olutiola","year":"1977","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0170","series-title":"Progress in Parasitology","first-page":"223","article-title":"Fish parasites as biological indicators in a changing world: can we monitor environmental impact and climate change?","author":"Palm","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00329-0","article-title":"The evolution of monogenean diversity","volume":"32","author":"Poulin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb2805","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","isbn-type":"print","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2008","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/3900051070"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0180","series-title":"Disease Ecology: Community Structure and Pathogen Dynamics","first-page":"90","article-title":"Freshwater community interactions and malaria","author":"Rejmankova","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2010.03.008","article-title":"Sub-chronic effects of nitrate in drinking water on red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa): oxidative stress and T-cell mediated immune function","volume":"110","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Estival","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3354\/dao068235","article-title":"Effects of nitrate and the pathogenic water mold Saprolegnia on survival of amphibian larvae","volume":"68","author":"Romansic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(77)90079-3","article-title":"Studies on the toxicity of ammonia, nitrate and their mixtures to guppy fry","volume":"11","author":"Rubin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02087","article-title":"Treatment of gyrodactylid infections in fish","volume":"86","author":"Schelkle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.08.027","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo efficacy of garlic compounds against Gyrodactylus turnbulli infecting the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)","volume":"198","author":"Schelkle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12324","article-title":"\u2018Trophic whales\u2019 as biotic buffers: weak interactions stabilize ecosystems against nutrient enrichment","volume":"84","author":"Schwarzm\u00fcller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3376\/1081-1710(2008)33[139:CUOTLF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Community-based use of the larvivorous fish Poecilia reticulata to control the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in domestic water storage containers in rural Cambodia","volume":"33","author":"Seng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Vector Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0220","series-title":"Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production","author":"Smil","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.11.009","article-title":"Eutrophication science: where do we go from here?","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(99)00091-3","article-title":"Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems","volume":"100","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2005)003[0268:HNAIDA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Host nutrition and infectious disease: an ecological view","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb2055","first-page":"0270","article-title":"Nitrates\/nitrites alter human lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production","volume":"43","author":"Ustyugova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1139\/f96-306","article-title":"Eutrophication, pollution and fragmentation: effects on parasite communities in roach (Rutilus rutilus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) in four lakes in central Finland","volume":"54","author":"Valtonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12450","article-title":"Chronic nutrient enrichment increases prevalence and severity of coral disease and bleaching","volume":"20","author":"Vega Thurber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.11.001","article-title":"Can parasites really reveal environmental impact?","volume":"26","author":"Vidal-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01786.x","article-title":"The direct and indirect effects of guppies: implications for life-history evolution in Rivulus hartii","volume":"25","author":"Walsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.08.046","article-title":"Macronutrient cycles and climate change: key science areas and an international perspective","volume":"434","author":"Whitehead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb5530","series-title":"Guidelines for drinking-water quality: recommendations (Vol. 1)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219534","article-title":"Continental-scale effects of nutrient pollution on stream ecosystem functioning","volume":"336","author":"Woodward","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008_bb0270","series-title":"Water Resources Agency and Ministry of the Environment. National Report on Integrating the Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Trinidad and Tobago","author":"WRA\/MIN","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412016300885?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412016300885?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T02:34:05Z","timestamp":1718418845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412016300885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0160412016300885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chronic nitrate enrichment decreases severity and induces protection against an infectious disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}