{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:01:05Z","timestamp":1790024465736,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,3]],"date-time":"2016-09-03T01:58:51Z","timestamp":1472867931000},"page":"41-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Air pollution, ethnicity and telomere length in east London schoolchildren: An observational study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7700-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert T.","family":"Walton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian S.","family":"Mudway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isobel","family":"Dundas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Marlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee C.","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layla","family":"Aitlhadj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Vulliamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeenath B.","family":"Jamaludin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen E.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben M.","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Beevers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dajnak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziz","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Grigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2007","article-title":"Telomeres and aging","volume":"88","author":"Aubert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2013.6","article-title":"Air pollution dispersion models for human exposure predictions in London","volume":"23","author":"Beevers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60071-3","article-title":"Telomere length, risk of coronary heart disease, and statin treatment in the west of Scotland primary prevention study: a nested case-control study","volume":"369","author":"Brouilette","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0903373","article-title":"Telomere diseases","volume":"361","author":"Calado","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn1027","article-title":"Telomere length measurement by a novel monochrome multiplex quantitative pcr method","volume":"37","author":"Cawthon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2528","article-title":"Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease","volume":"45","author":"Codd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240","article-title":"Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey","volume":"320","author":"Cole","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm271","article-title":"Paternal age at birth is an important determinant of offspring telomere length","volume":"16","author":"De Meyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.06.017","article-title":"Airway oxidative stress and inflammation markers in exhaled breath from children are linked with exposure to black carbon","volume":"73","author":"De Prins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq224","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere length and mortality in the cardiovascular health study","volume":"66","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15276","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2435085100","article-title":"Evaluating plague and smallpox as historical selective pressures for the ccr5-delta 32 hiv-resistance allele","volume":"100","author":"Galvani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-9-21","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced telomeric erosion as a mechanism underlying airborne particulate matter-related cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Grahame","year":"2012","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.1.197","article-title":"Home air nicotine levels and urinary cotinine excretion in preschool children","volume":"140","author":"Henderson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb8300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.06.020","article-title":"Air pollution exposure and telomere length in highly exposed subjects in Beijing, China: a repeated-measure study","volume":"48","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-8-41","article-title":"Association between leukocyte telomere shortening and exposure to traffic pollution: a cross-sectional study on traffic officers and indoor office workers","volume":"8","author":"Hoxha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju267","article-title":"The effect on melanoma risk of genes previously associated with telomere length","volume":"106","author":"Iles","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07302-9","article-title":"Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: Isaac. The international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (isaac) steering committee","volume":"351","author":"ISAAC","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0085","first-page":"73","article-title":"The impact of the congestion charging scheme on air quality in London. Part 2. Analysis of the oxidative potential of particulate matter","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Health Eff. Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901831","article-title":"Annual ambient black carbon associated with shorter telomeres in elderly men: veterans affairs normative aging study","volume":"118","author":"McCracken","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140090","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular actions of particulate air pollution","volume":"42","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805","article-title":"Standardisation of spirometry","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5944","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404293111","article-title":"Social disadvantage, genetic sensitivity, and children's telomere length","volume":"111","author":"Mitchell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.02.023","article-title":"Socioeconomic status, health behavior, and leukocyte telomere length in the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999\u20132002","volume":"85","author":"Needham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70234-1","article-title":"Increased telomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: a pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Ornish","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-543","article-title":"Evaluating the accuracy of aim panels at quantifying genome ancestry","volume":"15","author":"Pardo-Seco","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00035205","article-title":"Interpretative strategies for lung function tests","volume":"26","author":"Pellegrino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1509728","article-title":"Biomolecular markers within the core axis of aging and particulate air pollution exposure in the elderly: a cross-sectional study","author":"Pieters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/155.2.945","article-title":"Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data","volume":"155","author":"Pritchard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20152331","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.2331","article-title":"On being the right size: increased body size is associated with reduced telomere length under natural conditions","volume":"282","author":"Ringsby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041805","article-title":"Is telomere length socially patterned? Evidence from the west of Scotland twenty-07 study","volume":"7","author":"Robertson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.09.003","article-title":"Domestic airborne black carbon levels and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate among children in New York city","volume":"135C","author":"Rosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2011.01.005","article-title":"Telomere elongation followed by telomere length reduction, in leukocytes from divers exposed to intense oxidative stress\u2013implications for tissue and organismal aging","volume":"132","author":"Shlush","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.11.009","article-title":"Educational attainment and mean leukocyte telomere length in women in the european prospective investigation into cancer (epic)-Norfolk population study","volume":"26","author":"Surtees","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2014.04.013","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere length is not associated with mortality in older men","volume":"57","author":"Svensson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S133","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301208","article-title":"Early hits and long-term consequences: tracking the lasting impact of prenatal smoke exposure on telomere length in children","volume":"103","author":"Theall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702170","article-title":"Buccal swabs but not mouthwash samples can be used to obtain pretransplant DNA fingerprints from recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants","volume":"25","author":"Thiede","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0090","series-title":"London Low Emission Zone Impacts Monitoring Baseline Report","author":"Transport for London","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2004.09.034","article-title":"Human cell senescence as a DNA damage response","volume":"126","author":"von Zglinicki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24383","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024383","article-title":"Differences in disease severity but similar telomere lengths in genetic subgroups of patients with telomerase and shelterin mutations","volume":"6","author":"Vulliamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004191","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004191","article-title":"Telomere shortening unrelated to smoking, body weight, physical activity, and alcohol intake: 4,576 general population individuals with repeat measurements 10years apart","volume":"10","author":"Weischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.70.6.861","article-title":"Interplay between telomere length and telomerase in human leukocyte differentiation and aging","volume":"70","author":"Weng","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0005","article-title":"The association of telomere length and cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Wentzensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0109121","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109121","article-title":"Effects of air pollution and the introduction of the London low emission zone on the prevalence of respiratory and allergic symptoms in schoolchildren in east London: a sequential cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042980","article-title":"Mutations in tert, the gene for telomerase reverse transcriptase, in aplastic anemia","volume":"352","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412016303191?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412016303191?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T05:40:26Z","timestamp":1718775626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412016303191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0160412016303191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Air pollution, ethnicity and telomere length in east London schoolchildren: An observational study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}