{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:31:06Z","timestamp":1792067466067,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000277","name":"Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/I007806\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/I007806\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/I00789X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/I00789X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/I008039\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/I008039\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002141","name":"Public Health England","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RYC-2015-17402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC-2015-17402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T19:31:09Z","timestamp":1521747069000},"page":"170-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in exposure to air and noise pollution in London"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Cathryn","family":"Tonne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Mil\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0738-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Fecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Gulliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2520-3344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1096-866X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"Beevers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Ross Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effect models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.05.034","article-title":"One way coupling of CMAQ and a road source dispersion model for fine scale air pollution predictions","volume":"59","author":"Beevers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cks059","article-title":"Small-area analysis of social inequalities in residential exposure to road traffic noise in Marseilles, France","volume":"23","author":"Bocquier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pub. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP898","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, residential segregation, and spatial variation in noise exposure in the contiguous United States","volume":"125","author":"Casey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0025","article-title":"Association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality: prospective cohort study","volume":"357","author":"Celis-Morales","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0030","author":"Communities and Local Governments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1571-2","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and environmental noise exposure in Montreal, Canada","volume":"15","author":"Dale","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2014.05.424","article-title":"Modeling personal exposure to air pollution with AB2C: environmental inequality","volume":"32","author":"Dons","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0045","author":"European Commission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00114713","article-title":"Nitrogen dioxide and mortality: review and meta-analysis of long-term studies","volume":"44","author":"Faustini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.12.014","article-title":"Associations between air pollution and socioeconomic characteristics, ethnicity and age profile of neighborhoods in England and the Netherlands","volume":"198","author":"Fecht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2011.02.002","article-title":"Characterising socio-economic inequalities in exposure to air pollution: a comparison of socio-economic markers and scales of measurement","volume":"17","author":"Goodman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0065","article-title":"Development of an open-source road traffic noise model for exposure assessment","volume":"44","author":"Gulliver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-015-0069-5","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities and air pollution exposure: a global review","volume":"2","author":"Hajat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv216","article-title":"Road traffic noise is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and all-cause mortality in London","volume":"36","author":"Halonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.06.036","article-title":"Is long-term exposure to traffic pollution associated with mortality? A small-area study in London","volume":"208","author":"Halonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5432","article-title":"Aircraft noise and cardiovascular disease near Heathrow airport in London: small area study","volume":"347","author":"Hansell","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31819464e1","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and socioeconomic status: a spatial autocorrelation study to assess environmental equity on a small-area scale","volume":"20","author":"Havard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.060640","article-title":"Social inequalities in residential exposure to road traffic noise: an environmental justice analysis based on the RECORD cohort study","volume":"68","author":"Havard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0100","author":"Health Canada"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0105","series-title":"Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Critical Review of the Literature on Emissions, Exposures, and Health Effects, Health (San Francisco). Boston, MA","author":"Health Effects Institute","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181f4e634","article-title":"Aircraft noise, air pollution, and mortality from myocardial infarction","volume":"21","author":"Huss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0115","first-page":"385","article-title":"Sociodemographic descriptors of personal exposure to fine particles","author":"Jantunen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0120","series-title":"Quantile Regression","author":"Koenker","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0125","author":"Koenker"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-013-1668-7","article-title":"Soziale Ungleichheit von L\u00e4rmbel\u00e4stigung und Stra\u00dfenverkehrsbelastung","volume":"56","author":"Lau\u00dfmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsbl. Gesundheitsforsch. Gesundheitsschutz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2003.05.003","article-title":"Does education reduce wage inequality? Quantile regression evidence from 16 countries","volume":"11","author":"Martins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Labour Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2012.691409","article-title":"Traffic noise and inequality in the twin cities, Minnesota","volume":"19","author":"Nega","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0145","series-title":"InterNoise Conference Paper","article-title":"Environmental pollution (air, noise) exposure and social deprivation around the major Ile-de-France airport","author":"Pelletier","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0150","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.01.019","article-title":"Exposure to air pollutants during commuting in London: are there inequalities among different socio-economic groups?","author":"Rivas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500162","article-title":"Exposures to nitrogen dioxide in EXPOLIS-Helsinki: microenvironment, behavioral and sociodemographic factors","volume":"11","author":"Rotko","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30187-3","article-title":"Trends in premature mortality in the USA by sex, race, and ethnicity from 1999 to 2014: an analysis of death certificate data","volume":"389","author":"Shiels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11760","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b01817","article-title":"London hybrid exposure model: improving human exposure estimates to NO2 and PM2.5 in an urban setting","volume":"50","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0175","article-title":"Impact of London's road traffic air and noise pollution on birth weight: retrospective population based cohort study","volume":"359","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32380-7","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and the 25\u202f\u00d7\u202f25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1.7 million men and women","volume":"389","author":"Stringhini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12116","article-title":"The modifying effect of the building envelope on population exposure to PM2.5 from outdoor sources","volume":"24","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.12.026","article-title":"Socioeconomic position and outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure in Western Europe: a multi-city analysis","volume":"101","author":"Temam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000144","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution in relation to cognitive function in older adults","volume":"25","author":"Tonne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0200","author":"Transport for London"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000686","article-title":"Trade-offs of personal vs. more proxy exposure measures in environmental epidemiology","author":"Weisskopf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0210","author":"WHO Europe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023_bb0215","author":"Wickham"}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412017321256?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412017321256?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T11:32:42Z","timestamp":1758972762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412017321256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0160412017321256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in exposure to air and noise pollution in London","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}