{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:25:47Z","timestamp":1785255947735,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001160","name":"Health Effects Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4941-RFA13-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4941-RFA13-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T17:57:37Z","timestamp":1525370257000},"page":"99-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Long term exposure to air pollution and mortality in an elderly cohort in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2458-5405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Poh-Chin","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3804-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thuan-Quoc","family":"Thach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9103-9343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Brauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linwei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5217","DOI":"10.1021\/es304495s","article-title":"A land use regression model for ultrafine particles in Vancouver, Canada","volume":"47","author":"Abernethy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390306426","article-title":"Flexible modeling of exposure-response relationship between long-term average levels of particulate air pollution and mortality in the American Cancer Society study","volume":"66","author":"Abrahamowicz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104447","article-title":"Modeling the residential infiltration of outdoor PM^ sub 2.5^ in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis and air pollution (MESA air)","volume":"120","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0020","series-title":"Thorax 2014:thoraxjnl-2013-204492","article-title":"Epidemiological time series studies of PM2. 5 and daily mortality and hospital admissions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Atkinson","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10767","article-title":"Long-term effects of traffic-related air pollution on mortality in a Dutch cohort (NLCS-AIR study)","volume":"116","author":"Beelen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.042358","article-title":"The joint association of air pollution and noise from road traffic with cardiovascular mortality in a cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Beelen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62158-3","article-title":"Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality: an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project","volume":"383","author":"Beelen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104509","article-title":"A comparison of short-term and long-term air pollution exposure associations with mortality in two cohorts in Scotland","volume":"120","author":"Beverland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318276c005","article-title":"Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and cardiovascular mortality","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6","article-title":"Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015","volume":"389","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702747","article-title":"Air pollution and mortality in the Medicare population","volume":"376","author":"Di","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0065","series-title":"Procedure for Extrapolation Back in Time","author":"European study of cohorts for Air Pollution Effects","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0070","first-page":"983","article-title":"Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and traffic noise and incident hypertension in seven cohorts of the European study of cohorts for air pollution effects (ESCAPE)","volume":"38","author":"Fuks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000391750.38925.0f","article-title":"Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and the risk of coronary heart disease hospitalization and mortality","volume":"22","author":"Gan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr424","article-title":"Association of long-term exposure to community noise and traffic-related air pollution with coronary heart disease mortality","volume":"175","author":"Gan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201211-2004OC","article-title":"Associations of ambient air pollution with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalization and mortality","volume":"187","author":"Gan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7804","DOI":"10.1021\/es4008849","article-title":"Development and back-extrapolation of NO2 land use regression models for historic exposure assessment in Great Britain","volume":"47","author":"Gulliver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0095","series-title":"Health Effects of Black Carbon Ed^Eds: WHO Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen","author":"Janssen","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31819d9501","article-title":"Elemental carbon exposure at residence and survival after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"20","author":"von Klot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.068","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease","volume":"53","author":"Lavie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820500494544","article-title":"PM1. 0 and PM2. 5 characteristics in the roadside environment of Hong Kong","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.03.094","article-title":"Land use regression modelling of air pollution in high density high rise cities: a case study in Hong Kong","volume":"592","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901181","article-title":"Long-term exposure to constituents of fine particulate air pollution and mortality: results from the California Teachers Study","volume":"118","author":"Ostro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408565","article-title":"Associations of mortality with long-term exposures to fine and ultrafine particles, species and sources: results from the California teachers study cohort","volume":"123","author":"Ostro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect. (Online)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb9000","series-title":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu227","article-title":"Cohort profile: Hong Kong Department of Health Elderly Health Service Cohort","volume":"45","author":"Schooling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0135","article-title":"The age-specific quantitative effects of metabolic risk factors on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a pooled analysis","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-013-0489-7","article-title":"Cardiovascular health, traffic-related air pollution and noise: are associations mutually confounded? A systematic review","volume":"58","author":"T\u00e9treault","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.09.056","article-title":"Temporal stability of land use regression models for traffic-related air pollution","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408264","article-title":"Satellite-based estimates of long-term exposure to fine particles and association with mortality in elderly Hong Kong residents","volume":"123","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412017318731?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412017318731?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T11:31:36Z","timestamp":1758972696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412017318731"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0160412017318731"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long term exposure to air pollution and mortality in an elderly cohort in Hong Kong","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.034","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}