{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:17:04Z","timestamp":1792880224412,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"USEPA","award":["R82921301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R82921301"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES11294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES11294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008421","name":"EPRI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP-P27723\/C13172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP-P27723\/C13172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008421","name":"EPRI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP-P4353\/C2124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP-P4353\/C2124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008421","name":"EPRI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP-P34975\/C15892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP-P34975\/C15892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008421","name":"EPRI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP-P45572\/C19698"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP-P45572\/C19698"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008421","name":"EPRI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP-P25912\/C12525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP-P25912\/C12525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,11]],"date-time":"2018-08-11T05:20:11Z","timestamp":1533964811000},"page":"312-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A multicity study of air pollution and cardiorespiratory emergency department visits: Comparing approaches for combining estimates across cities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Jenna R.","family":"Krall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5002-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lance A.","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Mulholland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Winquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn O.","family":"Talbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith R.","family":"Rager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige E.","family":"Tolbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie Ebelt","family":"Sarnat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2015.57","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma: a multi-city assessment of effect modification by age","volume":"26","author":"Alhanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.19.2372","article-title":"Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987\u20132000","volume":"292","author":"Bell","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307261","article-title":"Gestational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and reciprocal social, repetitive, and stereotypic behaviors in 4-and 5-year-old children: the HOME study","volume":"122","author":"Braun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1996.3685","article-title":"Association between ozone and hospitalization for respiratory diseases in 16 Canadian cities","volume":"72","author":"Burnett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0025","series-title":"Bayesian Methods for Data Analysis","author":"Carlin","year":"2009"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu234","article-title":"Air pollution and acute respiratory infections among children 0\u20134 years of age: an 18-year time-series study","volume":"180","author":"Darrow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.10.1127","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases","volume":"295","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0040","series-title":"Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter","author":"Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Protection","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0045","series-title":"Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants","author":"Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Protection","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00239","article-title":"Inference for multivariate normal hierarchical models","volume":"62","author":"Everson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b05134","article-title":"Method for fusing observational data and chemical transport model simulations to estimate spatiotemporally resolved ambient air pollution","volume":"50","author":"Friberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"June","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.03.022","article-title":"Daily ambient air pollution metrics for five cities: evaluation of data-fusion-based estimates and uncertainties","volume":"158","author":"Friberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu305","article-title":"Ensemble-based source apportionment of fine particulate matter and emergency department visits for pediatric asthma","volume":"181","author":"Gass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.091371","article-title":"Urban air pollution, and asthma and COPD hospital emergency room visits","volume":"63","author":"Halonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.02.063","article-title":"Spatial variation of PM2.5 chemical species and source-apportioned mass concentrations in New York City","volume":"38","author":"Ito","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002667","article-title":"Fine particulate matter constituents associated with cardiovascular hospitalizations and mortality in new York City","volume":"119","author":"Ito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181e65d76","article-title":"Perinatal exposure to hazardous air pollutants and autism Spectrum disorders at age 8","volume":"21","author":"Kalkbrenner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2014.7","article-title":"The impact of source contribution uncertainty on the effects of source-specific PM2. 5 on hospital admissions a case study in Boston, MA","volume":"24","author":"Kioumourtzoglou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206185","article-title":"Short-term exposure to particulate matter constituents and mortality in a National Study of US urban communities","volume":"121","author":"Krall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7210","article-title":"A hierarchical modeling approach to estimate regional acute health effects of particulate matter sources","volume":"36","author":"Krall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP271","article-title":"Associations between source-specific fine particulate matter and emergency department visits for respiratory disease in four U.S. cities","volume":"125","author":"Krall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409495","article-title":"A time-stratified case-crossover study of ambient ozone exposure and emergency department visits for specific respiratory diagnoses in California (2005\u20132008)","volume":"124","author":"Malig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500465","article-title":"PM source apportionment and health effects. 3. Investigation of inter-method variations in associations between estimated source contributions of PM2.5 and daily mortality in Phoenix, AZ","volume":"16","author":"Mar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EDE.0000101748.28283.97","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular emergency department visits","volume":"15","author":"Metzger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0125","article-title":"Ozone and childhood respiratory disease in three US cities: evaluation of effect measure modification by neighborhood socioeconomic status using a Bayesian hierarchical approach","volume":"16","author":"O'Lenick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900599","article-title":"Air pollution, aeroallergens, and emergency room visits for acute respiratory diseases and gastroenteric disorders among young children in six Italian cities","volume":"117","author":"Orazzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8335","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in nine California counties: results from CALFINE","volume":"114","author":"Ostro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000152905.42113.db","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency department visits","volume":"16","author":"Peel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk051","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular emergency department visits in potentially sensitive groups","volume":"165","author":"Peel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0150","series-title":"Tlnise: Two Level Normal Independent Sampling Estimation","author":"Peng","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800185","article-title":"Emergency admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and the chemical composition of fine particle air pollution","volume":"117","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104002","article-title":"Effects of coarse particulate matter on emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases: a time-series analysis in Hong Kong","volume":"120","author":"Qiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012143432401","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 US cities, 1987\u20131994","volume":"343","author":"Samet","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0170","series-title":"The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study, Part II: Morbidity and Mortality from Air Pollution in the United States","author":"Samet","year":"2000"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10873","article-title":"Fine particle sources and cardiorespiratory morbidity: an application of chemical mass balance and factor analytical source-apportionment methods","volume":"116","author":"Sarnat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307776","article-title":"Fine particulate matter components and emergency department visits for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in the St. Louis, Missouri\u2013Illinois, Metropolitan Area","volume":"123","author":"Sarnat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206151","article-title":"Short-term associations between fine and coarse particulate matter and hospitalizations in southern Europe: results from the MED-PARTICLES project","volume":"121","author":"Stafoggia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0190","first-page":"10","article-title":"Air pollution and emergency department visits for cardiac and respiratory conditions: a multi-city time-series analysis","volume":"8","author":"Stieb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307289","article-title":"Maternal exposure to criteria air pollutants and congenital heart defects in offspring: results from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study","volume":"122","author":"Stingone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200908-1201OC","article-title":"Short-term associations between ambient air pollutants and pediatric asthma emergency department visits","volume":"182","author":"Strickland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(85)90132-5","article-title":"A quantitative assessment of source contributions to inhalable particulate matter pollution in metropolitan Boston","volume":"19","author":"Thurston","year":"1985","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-006-9050-9","article-title":"Associations between outdoor air pollution and emergency department visits for stroke in Edmonton, Canada","volume":"21","author":"Villeneuve","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi135","article-title":"Particulate air pollution and the rate of hospitalization for congestive heart failure among medicare beneficiaries in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","volume":"161","author":"Wellenius Gregory","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000189687.78760.47","article-title":"Air pollution and hospital admissions for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke among Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"36","author":"Wellenius","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-11-68","article-title":"Power estimation using simulations for air pollution time-series studies","volume":"11","author":"Winquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2014.55","article-title":"Impact of ambient fine particulate matter carbon measurement methods on observed associations with acute cardiorespiratory morbidity","volume":"25","author":"Winquist","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000607","article-title":"Estimating acute cardiorespiratory effects of ambient volatile organic compounds","volume":"28","author":"Ye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800108","article-title":"The effect of fine and coarse particulate air pollution on mortality: a National Analysis","volume":"117","author":"Zanobetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"58","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033_bb0245","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and its components in association with cause-specific emergency admissions","volume":"8","author":"Zanobetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health"}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412018309899?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412018309899?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T11:35:23Z","timestamp":1758972923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412018309899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0160412018309899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A multicity study of air pollution and cardiorespiratory emergency department visits: Comparing approaches for combining estimates across cities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}