{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T05:53:20Z","timestamp":1793685200158,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41771349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41771349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31772394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011275","name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018K21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018K21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011798","name":"Ministry of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011798","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T08:11:15Z","timestamp":1548317475000},"page":"473-481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Biomass facilitated phase transformation of natural hematite at high temperatures and sorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Shengsen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuncong C.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3769-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Sik","family":"Ok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8148","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4496-5","article-title":"The effect of excess copper on growth and physiology of important food crops: a review","volume":"22","author":"Adrees","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2017.06.116","article-title":"Preparation, characterization and atrazine adsorption potential of mesoporous carbonate-induced activated biochar (CAB) from Calligonum Comosum biomass: parametric experiments and kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic modeling","volume":"242","author":"Alahabadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2017.08.003","article-title":"Application of surface complexation modeling to trace metals uptake by biochar-amended agricultural soils","volume":"88","author":"Alam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2006.02.010","article-title":"Sorption isotherm model for binary component sorption of copper, cadmium, and lead ions using dried green macroalga, Caulerpa lentillifera","volume":"119","author":"Apiratikul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2016.05.049","article-title":"Using FTIR-photoacoustic spectroscopy for phosphorus speciation analysis of biochars","volume":"168","author":"Bekiaris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1021\/ef030017d","article-title":"Production of hydrogen and\/or syngas (H2\u202f+\u202fCO) via steam gasification of biomass-derived chars","volume":"17","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s11085-017-9769-6","article-title":"Mechanism of iron oxide scale reduction in 5%H2\u2013N2 gas at 650\u2013900\u202f\u00b0C","volume":"88","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Met."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.03.014","article-title":"Effects of Cu and Ca cations and Fe\/Al coating on ciprofloxacin sorption onto sand media","volume":"252\u2013253","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.04.052","article-title":"Adsorption of cadmium by biochar derived from municipal sewage sludge: impact factors and adsorption mechanism","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1166\/nnl.2016.2190","article-title":"Effects of surface iron hydroxyl group site densities on arsenate adsorption by iron oxide nanocomposites","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2017.02.067","article-title":"Reduction of hematite (Fe2O3) to metallic iron (Fe) by CO in a micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer: a multistep kinetics study","volume":"316","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2013.08.028","article-title":"Kinetics of cadmium(II) uptake by mixed maghemite-magnetite nanoparticles","volume":"129","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-010-0865-z","article-title":"Arsenic removal from aqueous solutions by mixed magnetite-maghemite nanoparticles","volume":"64","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(99)00266-5","article-title":"Competitive sorption of copper and lead at the oxide-water interface: implications for surface site density","volume":"63","author":"Christl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2015.10.007","article-title":"Removal of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel from aqueous solutions by alkali-modified biochar: batch and column tests","volume":"33","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2015.10.007","article-title":"Removal of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel from aqueous solutions by alkali-modified biochar: batch and column tests","volume":"33","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2016.03.035","article-title":"Sorption of lead and methylene blue onto hickory biochars from different pyrolysis temperatures: importance of physicochemical properties","volume":"37","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4182","DOI":"10.1021\/es030309t","article-title":"Comparison of arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) sorption onto iron oxide minerals: implications for arsenic mobility","volume":"37","author":"Dixit","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.04.008","article-title":"Characteristics and mechanisms of hexavalent chromium removal by biochar from sugar beet tailing","volume":"190","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12156","DOI":"10.1021\/es4017816","article-title":"Mechanistic investigation of mercury sorption by Brazilian pepper biochars of different pyrolytic temperatures based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and flow calorimetry","volume":"47","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.01.141","article-title":"Mesoporous activated carbon from wood sawdust by K 2CO 3 activation using microwave heating","volume":"111","author":"Foo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.12.062","article-title":"The use of zero-valent iron for groundwater remediation and wastewater treatment: a review","volume":"267","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2015.09.003","article-title":"Influence of pH and ionic strength on Cd, Cu and Pb removal from water by adsorption in Na-bentonite","volume":"118","author":"Glatstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1996.03615995006000020013x","article-title":"Molybdenum adsorption on oxides, clay minerals, and soils","volume":"60","author":"Goldberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2015.02.065","article-title":"Kinetics and mechanisms of direct reduction of iron ore-biomass composite pellets with hydrogen gas","volume":"40","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2016.03.009","article-title":"Direct reduction of oxidized iron ore pellets using biomass syngas as the reducer","volume":"148","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0135","article-title":"Magnetic activated-ATP@ Fe3O4 nanocomposite as an efficient Fenton-like heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of ethidium bromide","volume":"7","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5550","DOI":"10.1021\/es104401h","article-title":"Metal interactions at the biochar-water interface: energetics and structure-sorption relationships elucidated by flow adsorption microcalorimetry","volume":"45","author":"Harvey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.10.009","article-title":"Batch and column sorption of arsenic onto iron-impregnated biochar synthesized through hydrolysis","volume":"68","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-016-9873-6","article-title":"Characterization of hard- and softwood biochars pyrolyzed at high temperature","volume":"39","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2007.03.021","article-title":"Reduction behavior of iron oxides in hydrogen and carbon monoxide atmospheres","volume":"326","author":"Jozwiak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. A Gen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1021\/es9031419","article-title":"Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar)","volume":"44","author":"Keiluweit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2012.03.001","article-title":"A new method for the identification and quantification of magnetite-maghemite mixture using conventional X-ray diffraction technique","volume":"94","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2016.10.005","article-title":"Isoelectric points and points of zero charge of metal (hydr)oxides: 50\u202fyears after Parks' review","volume":"238","author":"Kosmulski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.09.036","article-title":"Zeolite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron: new findings on simultaneous adsorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and As(III) in aqueous solution and soil","volume":"344","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1021\/cm200397g","article-title":"Polymorphous transformations of nanometric iron(III) oxide: a review","volume":"23","author":"Machala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0185","series-title":"Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality","article-title":"The bioinorganic chemistry of cadmium in the context of its toxicity","author":"Maret","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2010.12.029","article-title":"Kinetic and equilibrium adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions on Eichhornia crassipes in single and binary systems","volume":"168","author":"M\u00f3denes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2007.01.020","article-title":"Sorption of arsenic, cadmium, and lead by chars produced from fast pyrolysis of wood and bark during bio-oil production","volume":"310","author":"Mohan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.12.040","article-title":"Reduction of hematite (Fe2O3) to w\u00fcstite (FeO) by carbon monoxide (CO) for chemical looping combustion","volume":"242","author":"Monazam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.2355\/isijinternational.53.1763","article-title":"Quantitative analysis on contribution of direct reduction of iron oxide in carbon composite","volume":"53","author":"Murakami","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISIJ Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(03)00413-7","article-title":"Lead sorption efficiencies of natural and synthetic Mn and Fe-oxides","volume":"67","author":"O'Reilly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2003.11.030","article-title":"Copper(II) sorption onto goethite, hematite and lepidocrocite: a surface complexation model based on ab initio molecular geometries and EXAFS spectroscopy","volume":"68","author":"Peacock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.2000.7235","article-title":"Adsorption of cadmium onto hematite: temperature dependence","volume":"234","author":"Pivovarov","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.01.023","article-title":"Synthesis and magnetic properties of magnetite prepared by chemical reduction from hematite of various particle sizes","volume":"741","author":"Ponomar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2018.04.018","article-title":"Synthesis of magnetite powder from the mixture consisting of siderite and hematite iron ores","volume":"122","author":"Ponomar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17859","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6436-4","article-title":"Cadmium stress in rice: toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management: a critical review","volume":"23","author":"Rizwan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.104","article-title":"Cadmium phytoremediation potential of Brassica crop species: a review","volume":"631\u2013632","author":"Rizwan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1021\/es960751u","article-title":"Ionic strength and electrostatic effects in biosorption of divalent metal ions and protons","volume":"31","author":"Schiewer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orggeochem.2014.09.006","article-title":"NEXAFS and XPS characterisation of carbon functional groups of fresh and aged biochars","volume":"77","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Org. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0255","series-title":"Soil physical chemistry","article-title":"Kinetics and mechanisms of chemical reactions at the soil mineral\/water surface","author":"Sparks","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2013.01.001","article-title":"Reduced graphene oxide-based hydrogels for the efficient capture of dye pollutants from aqueous solutions","volume":"56","author":"Tiwari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2013.05.053","article-title":"Surface complexation modeling and spectroscopic evidence of antimony adsorption on iron-oxide-rich red earth soils","volume":"406","author":"Vithanage","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.10.104","article-title":"Removal of arsenic by magnetic biochar prepared from pinewood and natural hematite","volume":"175","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.04.062","article-title":"Physicochemical and sorptive properties of biochars derived from woody and herbaceous biomass","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.01.052","article-title":"Adsorptive removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions by biochar supported zero-valent iron nanocomposite: batch and continuous flow tests","volume":"322","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1179\/1743281215Y.0000000061","article-title":"Reduction characteristics and kinetics of iron oxide by carbon in biomass","volume":"43","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ironmak. Steelmak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.07.089","article-title":"Phase transformations of stoichiometric mixtures of hematite and iron under FAST conditions","volume":"724","author":"Witte","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2007.09.063","article-title":"Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in oxide materials","volume":"254","author":"Yamashita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2006.12.013","article-title":"Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis","volume":"86","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.06.154","article-title":"Applications of biochar in redox-mediated reactions","volume":"246","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.11.132","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of a novel magnetic biochar for arsenic removal","volume":"130","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.01.132","article-title":"Zero-valent iron nanoparticles supported by functionalized waste rock wool for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium","volume":"339","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.220","article-title":"Adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions by ferromanganese binary oxide\u2013biochar composites","volume":"615","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412018320440?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412018320440?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T20:37:52Z","timestamp":1565210272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412018320440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S0160412018320440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biomass facilitated phase transformation of natural hematite at high temperatures and sorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}