{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:10:35Z","timestamp":1790802635160,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["226402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["226402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"European Commission Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7-ENV-2011-282957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-ENV-2011-282957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Czech Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LO1214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LO1214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Czech Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LM2015051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2015051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Czech Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LM2011028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2011028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010653","name":"Masaryk University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/15_003\/0000469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/15_003\/0000469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T04:38:38Z","timestamp":1548650318000},"page":"33-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Early-life exposure to persistent organic pollutants (OCPs, PBDEs, PCBs, PFASs) and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A multi-pollutant analysis of a Norwegian birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Virissa","family":"Lenters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8977-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Iszatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Forns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli\u0161ka","family":"\u010cechov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Ko\u010dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Legler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pim","family":"Leonards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hein","family":"Stigum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0006-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merete","family":"Eggesb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5244","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10105244","article-title":"Effect of the environmental pollutant hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on the neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells","volume":"10","author":"Addae","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP172","article-title":"A systematic comparison of linear regression-based statistical methods to assess exposome-health associations","volume":"124","author":"Agier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0015","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (dsm-5\u00ae)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.028","article-title":"Early life programming and neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"68","author":"Bale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00430.x","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"96","author":"Banerjee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12254","article-title":"Implications of using a fetuses-at-risk approach when fetuses are not at risk","volume":"30","author":"Basso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb9605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq379","article-title":"Estrogen-like activity of perfluoroalkyl acids in vivo and interaction with human and rainbow trout estrogen receptors in vitro","volume":"120","author":"Benninghoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.186","article-title":"Early-life exposure to EDCS: role in childhood obesity and neurodevelopment","volume":"13","author":"Braun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.09.014","article-title":"Historical intake and elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides by the Australian population reconstructed from biomonitoring data","volume":"74","author":"Bu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","article-title":"Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R","volume":"45","author":"Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.020","article-title":"Determinants of plasma PCB, brominated flame retardants, and organochlorine pesticides in pregnant women and 3\u202fyear old children in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study","volume":"146","author":"Caspersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.11.046","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicants in human milk: comparison of levels and intakes in three European countries","volume":"579","author":"\u010cechov\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-0059-y","article-title":"An effective clean-up technique for GC\/EI-HRMS determination of developmental neurotoxicants in human breast milk","volume":"409","author":"\u010cechov\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.08.008","article-title":"Legacy and alternative halogenated flame retardants in human milk in Europe: implications for children's health","volume":"108","author":"\u010cechov\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307562","article-title":"Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether exposures and neurodevelopment in U.S. children through 5\u202fyears of age: the HOME study","volume":"122","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02693.x","article-title":"Does perinatal exposure to endocrine disruptors induce autism spectrum and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders? Review","volume":"101","author":"de Cock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1802-z","article-title":"WHO\/UNEP global surveys of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and DDTs in human milk and benefit-risk evaluation of breastfeeding","volume":"91","author":"van den Berg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2034","article-title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) affects hormone receptor activity, steroidogenesis, and expression of endocrine-related genes in vitro and in vivo","volume":"32","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.04.001","article-title":"Levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in breast milk in relation to birth weight in a Norwegian cohort","volume":"109","author":"Eggesb\u00f8","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02688.x","article-title":"Development of gut microbiota in infants not exposed to medical interventions","volume":"119","author":"Eggesb\u00f8","year":"2011","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.024","article-title":"Molecular genetics of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"57","author":"Faraone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002026","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated chemicals and behavioral or coordination problems at age 7\u202fyears","volume":"119","author":"Fei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.06.013","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances measured in breast milk and child neuropsychological development in a Norwegian birth cohort study","volume":"83","author":"Forns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.07.014","article-title":"Novel application of statistical methods for analysis of multiple toxicants identifies ddt as a risk factor for early child behavioral problems","volume":"151","author":"Forns","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy052","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a pooled analysis of seven European birth cohort studies","volume":"47","author":"Forns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01","article-title":"Regularization paths for generalized linear models via coordinate descent","volume":"33","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.12.005","article-title":"Effects of pre and postnatal exposure to low levels of polybromodiphenyl ethers on neurodevelopment and thyroid hormone levels at 4 years of age","volume":"37","author":"Gascon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.06.036","article-title":"Synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 in the human prefrontal cortex from mid-gestation into early adulthood","volume":"149","author":"Glantz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.10.017","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated chemicals and neurodevelopment in early infancy: The Hokkaido Study","volume":"541","author":"Goudarzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70278-3","article-title":"Neurobehavioural effects of developmental toxicity","volume":"13","author":"Grandjean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2012.06.001","article-title":"Neurobehavioral deficits at age 7\u202fyears associated with prenatal exposure to toxicants from maternal seafood diet","volume":"34","author":"Grandjean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-5823.2011.00158.x","article-title":"Adjustments and their consequences\u2014collapsibility analysis using graphical models","volume":"79","author":"Greenland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Stat. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb9610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2509","article-title":"Smoking in pregnancy and child ADHD","volume":"139","author":"Gustavson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2014.12.003","article-title":"Derivation of exposure factors for infant lactational exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs)","volume":"71","author":"Haddad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.05.016","article-title":"Diet and particularly seafood are major sources of perfluorinated compounds in humans","volume":"36","author":"Haug","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.09.056","article-title":"In-utero and childhood chemical exposome in six European mother-child cohorts","volume":"121","author":"Haug","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1001898","article-title":"Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children 12\u201315\u202fyears of age","volume":"118","author":"Hoffman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205100","article-title":"Lactational exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and its relation to social and emotional development among toddlers","volume":"120","author":"Hoffman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(98)00019-7","article-title":"Evaluation of reproductive outcomes in women inadvertently exposed to hexachlorobenzene in southeastern Turkey in the 1950s","volume":"12","author":"Jarrell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0195","first-page":"23","article-title":"Elimination of beta\u2011hexachlorocyclohexane in occupationally exposed persons","volume":"51","author":"Jung","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0200","first-page":"277","article-title":"Environmental chemical exposures and autism spectrum disorders: a review of the epidemiological evidence","volume":"44","author":"Kalkbrenner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Pediatr. Adolesc. Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9491","article-title":"Exposure of perfluorinated chemicals through lactation: levels of matched human milk and serum and a temporal trend, 1996\u20132004, in Sweden","volume":"115","author":"K\u00e4rrman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.09.012","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants in association with offspring neuropsychological development at 4\u202fyears of age: the Rhea mother-child cohort, Crete, Greece","volume":"97","author":"Kyriklaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002493","article-title":"The heritability of clinically diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan","volume":"44","author":"Larsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1214\/15-AOS1371","article-title":"Exact post-selection inference, with application to the lasso","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-104231","article-title":"Performance of variable selection methods for assessing the health effects of correlated exposures in case\u2013control studies","volume":"75","author":"Lenters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu249","article-title":"Bias from conditioning on live birth in pregnancy cohorts: an illustration based on neurodevelopment in children after prenatal exposure to organic pollutants","volume":"44","author":"Liew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408412","article-title":"Attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and childhood autism in association with prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances: a nested case-control study in the Danish National Birth Cohort","volume":"123","author":"Liew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(03)00108-7","article-title":"Maternal serum level of the DDT metabolite DDE in relation to fetal loss in previous pregnancies","volume":"97","author":"Longnecker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7199","article-title":"Epidemiologic evaluation of measurement data in the presence of detection limits","volume":"112","author":"Lubin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.06.049","article-title":"Partitioning of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) between human serum and breast milk: a literature review","volume":"89","author":"Mannetje","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002056","article-title":"Organophosphate pesticide exposure and attention in young mexican-American children: the CHAMACOS study","volume":"118","author":"Marks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0498","article-title":"Maternal mild thyroid hormone insufficiency in early pregnancy and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children","volume":"169","author":"Modesto","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb9615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2014.09.005","article-title":"The influence of low level pre-and perinatal exposure to PCDD\/Fs, PCBs, and lead on attention performance and attention-related behavior among German school-aged children: results from the Duisburg Birth Cohort Study","volume":"218","author":"Neugebauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095891","article-title":"Fetal exposure to perfluorinated compounds and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood","volume":"9","author":"Ode","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1204-7","article-title":"ADHD, comorbid disorders and psychosocial functioning: how representative is a child cohort study? Findings from a national patient registry","volume":"17","author":"Oerbeck","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10009","article-title":"Half-life of serum elimination of perfluorooctanesulfonate, perfluorohexanesulfonate, and perfluorooctanoate in retired fluorochemical production workers","volume":"115","author":"Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.09.015","article-title":"Behavioral difficulties in 7-year old children in relation to developmental exposure to perfluorinated alkyl substances","volume":"97","author":"Oulhote","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr352","article-title":"Invited commentary: understanding bias amplification","volume":"174","author":"Pearl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt261","article-title":"ADHD prevalence estimates across three decades: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"43","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2478\/s13382-013-0073-7","article-title":"Review of current evidence on the impact of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and selected metals on attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children","volume":"26","author":"Polanska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.04.032","article-title":"Levels of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Norwegian breast milk (2002\u20132006), and factors that may predict the level of contamination","volume":"407","author":"Polder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9314","article-title":"Exposure to hexachlorobenzene during pregnancy and children's social behavior at 4\u202fyears of age","volume":"115","author":"Ribas-Fito","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900648","article-title":"A multi-individual pharmacokinetic model framework for interpreting time trends of persistent chemicals in human populations: application to a postban situation","volume":"117","author":"Ritter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP553","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal PCB-153 and p,p\u2032-DDE exposures and behavior scores at 5\u20139\u202fyears of age among children in Greenland and Ukraine","volume":"125","author":"Rosenquist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901015","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to organohalogens, including brominated flame retardants, influences motor, cognitive, and behavioral performance at school age","volume":"117","author":"Roze","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp427","article-title":"Prenatal organochlorine exposure and behaviors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in school-aged children","volume":"171","author":"Sagiv","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104372","article-title":"Neuropsychological measures of attention and impulse control among 8-year-old children exposed prenatally to organochlorines","volume":"120","author":"Sagiv","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-14-8","article-title":"Of decrements and disorders: assessing impairments in neurodevelopment in prospective studies of environmental toxicant exposures","volume":"14","author":"Sagiv","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2015.08.001","article-title":"Prenatal and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and attention and executive function at 9\u201312\u202fyears of age","volume":"52","author":"Sagiv","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12258","article-title":"No right answers without knowing your question","volume":"30","author":"Schisterman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000554","article-title":"Collinearity and causal diagrams: a lesson on the importance of model specification","volume":"28","author":"Schisterman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0753-2","article-title":"Prenatal risk factors and the etiology of ADHD-review of existing evidence","volume":"19","author":"Sciberras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2000.079006440.x","article-title":"Birthweight by gestational age in Norway","volume":"79","author":"Skjaerven","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12070991","article-title":"Nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments","volume":"170","author":"Sonuga-Barke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003538","article-title":"Serum perfluorinated compound concentration and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children 5\u201318\u202fyears of age","volume":"119","author":"Stein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12097","article-title":"Perfluorooctanoate exposure in a highly exposed community and parent and teacher reports of behaviour in 6\u201312-year-old children","volume":"28","author":"Stein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.08.011","article-title":"A novel model to characterize postnatal exposure to lipophilic environmental toxicants and application in the study of hexachlorobenzene and infant growth","volume":"85","author":"Stigum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.03.002","article-title":"Persistent organic pollutants measured in maternal serum and offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes\u2013a prospective study with long-term follow-up","volume":"68","author":"Str\u00f8m","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-12-85","article-title":"Statistical strategies for constructing health risk models with multiple pollutants and their interactions: possible choices and comparisons","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/cjs.11313","article-title":"Post-selection inference for \u21131-penalized likelihood models","volume":"46","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x","article-title":"What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD?","volume":"54","author":"Thapar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9550","DOI":"10.1021\/es1021922","article-title":"Changes in concentrations of perfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated biphenyls in Norwegian breast-milk during twelve months of lactation","volume":"44","author":"Thomsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2009.10.002","article-title":"Determinants of brominated flame retardants in breast milk from a large scale Norwegian study","volume":"36","author":"Thomsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0420","series-title":"R Package Version 1.2.2","article-title":"Selective inference: tools for post-selection inference","author":"Tibshirani","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108595","article-title":"Excretion of hexachlorobenzene and metabolites in feces in a highly exposed human population","volume":"108","author":"To-Figueras","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0430","series-title":"Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants","author":"UNEP","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408084","article-title":"Measured prenatal and estimated postnatal levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and ADHD-related behaviors in 8-year-old children","volume":"123","author":"Verner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.01.004","article-title":"Transport of persistent organic pollutants across the human placenta","volume":"65","author":"Vizcaino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400701873530","article-title":"The influence of the environment and other exogenous agents on spontaneous abortion risk","volume":"11","author":"Weselak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr230","article-title":"On the pitfalls of adjusting for gestational age at birth","volume":"174","author":"Wilcox","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0135-8","article-title":"The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review","volume":"9","author":"Willcutt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3177","article-title":"How should variable selection be performed with multiply imputed data?","volume":"27","author":"Wood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0280","series-title":"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.063859","article-title":"Urinary trichlorophenol levels and increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among us school-aged children","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.03.009","article-title":"Assessment of dietary exposure to organohalogen contaminants, legacy and emerging flame retardants in a Norwegian cohort","volume":"102","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2005.00503.x","article-title":"Regularization and variable selection via the elastic net","volume":"67","author":"Zou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Stat Methodol.)"}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412018306810?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412018306810?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T11:34:30Z","timestamp":1758972870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412018306810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["S0160412018306810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Early-life exposure to persistent organic pollutants (OCPs, PBDEs, PCBs, PFASs) and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A multi-pollutant analysis of a Norwegian birth cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}