{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:15:04Z","timestamp":1791868504448,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,7]],"date-time":"2019-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health, Comfort and Energy in the Built Environment"},{"name":"Programa Operacional Regional do Norte","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T06:54:45Z","timestamp":1577343285000},"page":"105401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comprehensive assessment of the indoor air quality in a chlorinated Olympic-size swimming pool"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Felgueiras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenaida","family":"Mour\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Fonseca","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"de Oliveira Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.10.037","article-title":"Seasonal dynamics of water and air chemistry in an indoor chlorinated swimming pool","volume":"68","author":"Afifi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.037","article-title":"Current EU research activities on combined exposure to multiple chemicals","volume":"120","author":"Bopp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A6","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1510569","article-title":"What can epidemiological studies tell us about the impact of chemical mixtures on human health?","volume":"124","author":"Braun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4793","DOI":"10.1021\/es070084c","article-title":"Assessment of exposure of workers and swimmers to trihalomethanes in an indoor swimming pool","volume":"41","author":"Caro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9082562","article-title":"Occurrence and spatial and temporal variations of disinfection by-products in the water and air of two indoor swimming pools","volume":"9","author":"Catto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0030","unstructured":"CDC, 2016. Health Benefits of Water-based Exercise [WWW Document]. URL https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthywater\/swimming\/swimmers\/health_benefits_water_exercise.html (accessed 7.3.18)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.003","article-title":"Comparing human exposure to emerging and legacy flame retardants from the indoor environment and diet with concentrations measured in serum","volume":"74","author":"Cequier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12215","article-title":"Dynamic real-time monitoring of chloroform in an indoor swimming pool air using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12172","article-title":"Effect of competitive swimming on airway inflammation: A 3-yr longitudinal study","volume":"25","author":"Couto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0050","unstructured":"Decreto-Lei n.o 41\/2018 de 11 de junho, 2018. Presid\u00eancia do Conselho de Ministros."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0055","series-title":"Circular Normativa No14\/DA","author":"DGS","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199602000-00018","article-title":"Assessment of chlorine exposure in swimmers during training","volume":"28","author":"Drobnic","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4639-00329","article-title":"Pathways of trihalomethane uptake in swimming pools","volume":"207","author":"Erdinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0070","series-title":"Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics","author":"Field","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12114","article-title":"Assessment of ultrafine particles in Portuguese preschools: Levels and exposure doses","volume":"24","author":"Fonseca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"issue":"PartB","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0080","article-title":"Assessment of the air quality in 20 public indoor swimming pools located in the Northern Region of Portugal","volume":"133","author":"Gabriel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2019.1634383","article-title":"Predicting health risk from exposure to trihalomethanes in an Olympic-size indoor swimming pool among elite swimmers and coaches","volume":"82","author":"Gouveia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Heal. Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01686.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of asthma in Olympic athletes - Practical implications","volume":"63","author":"Haahtela","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergy Eur. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0095","series-title":"Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs","author":"IARC","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0100","unstructured":"ISO 16000-1:2004, 2004. Indoor air - Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0105","unstructured":"ISO 16000-6:2011, 2011. Indoor air - Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS-FID."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0110","unstructured":"ISO 16017-2:2003, 2003. Indoor, ambient and workplace air - Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by sorbent tube\/thermal desorption\/capillary gas chromatography - Part 2: Diffusive sampling."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.01.013","article-title":"Ultrafine particles in cities","volume":"66","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.02.023","article-title":"A work group report on ultrafine particles (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology): Why ambient ultrafine and engineered nanoparticles should receive special attention for possible adverse health outcomes in human subjects","volume":"138","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.01.005","article-title":"Occurrence, origin, and toxicity of disinfection byproducts in chlorinated swimming pools: An overview","volume":"220","author":"Manasfi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.041","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of asthma in the aquatic disciplines","volume":"136","author":"Mountjoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00308602","article-title":"Indoor swimming pools, water chlorination and respiratory health","volume":"19","author":"Nemery","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-019-01202-7","article-title":"Health effects of ultrafine particles: a systematic literature review update of epidemiological evidence","volume":"64","author":"Ohlwein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0145","unstructured":"Portaria n.o 353-A\/2013 de 4 de dezembro, 2013. Minist\u00e9rios do Ambiente, Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio e Energia, da Sa\u00fade e da Solidariedade, Emprego e Seguran\u00e7a Social, Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica. Portugal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rib\u00e9ron, J., Derbez, M., Lethrosne, M., Kirchner, S., 2011. Impact of airing behaviour on air stuffiness in schools and daycares centres: Development of a specific tool for ventilation management. In: The 12th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate - Indoor Air 2011. Austin, Texas. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15386\/cjmed-445.","DOI":"10.15386\/cjmed-445"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12477","article-title":"Assessment of chemical and microbiological parameters of indoor swimming pool atmosphere using multiple comparisons","volume":"28","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13877","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6555-y","article-title":"Children exposure to indoor ultrafine particles in urban and rural school environments","volume":"23","author":"Rufo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.050","article-title":"Indoor particulate pollution in fitness centres with emphasis on ultrafine particles","volume":"233","author":"Slezakova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2015.1051203","article-title":"Children\u2019s Indoor Exposures to (Ultra)Fine Particles in an Urban Area: Comparison Between School and Home Environments","volume":"78","author":"Slezakova","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Heal. - Part A Curr. Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0175","first-page":"809","article-title":"Air pollution ultrafine particles: toxicity beyond the lung","volume":"14","author":"Terzano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16710","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1882-9","article-title":"A comprehensive air quality investigation at an aquatic centre: Indoor\/outdoor comparisons","volume":"25","author":"Tolis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0185","unstructured":"USEPA, 1987. Integrated Risk Information System [WWW Document]. URL https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/iris (accessed 5.23.18)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0190","unstructured":"USEPA, 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A), Office of Emergency and Remedial Response."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0195","unstructured":"USEPA, 2016. EPA On-line Tools for Site Assessment Calculation [WWW Document]. URL https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/ceampubl\/learn2model\/part-two\/onsite\/estdiffusion-ext.html (accessed 9.15.17)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj364","article-title":"Bladder Cancer and Exposure to Water Disinfection By-Products through Ingestion, Bathing, Showering, and Swimming in Pools","volume":"165","author":"Villanueva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-014-0032-x","article-title":"Overview of disinfection by-products and associated health effects","volume":"2","author":"Villanueva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Heal. Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.4415\/ANN_12_04_06","article-title":"Health impact of disinfection by-products in swimming pools","volume":"48","author":"Villanueva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0215","series-title":"Environmental Health Criteria 216 - Disinfectant and disinfectant by-products","author":"WHO","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0220","unstructured":"WHO, 2006. Guidelines for safe recreational water environments: Volume 2. Swimming pools and similar environments. World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0225","series-title":"WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants","author":"WHO","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.01.074","article-title":"Land-use regression with long-term satellite-based greenness index and culture-specific sources to model PM2.5 spatial-temporal variability","volume":"224","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412019326248?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412019326248?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T11:46:29Z","timestamp":1758973589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412019326248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0160412019326248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comprehensive assessment of the indoor air quality in a chlorinated Olympic-size swimming pool","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105401","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105401"}}