{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T07:20:48Z","timestamp":1790493648233,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006382","name":"Universidad de Oviedo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB06\/02\/0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB06\/02\/0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INMA G03\/176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INMA G03\/176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI03\/1615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI03\/1615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS-PI06\/0867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS-PI06\/0867"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS-PI09\/00090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS-PI09\/00090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPII16\/00051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII16\/00051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI041436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI041436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP15\/00025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP15\/00025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI11\/02591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI11\/02591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP11\/00178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP11\/00178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UGP 15-230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UGP 15-230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UGP-15-244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UGP-15-244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UGP-15-249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UGP-15-249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI11\/01007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI11\/01007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP15\/00025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP15\/00025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI09\/02311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI09\/02311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI04\/1509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI04\/1509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS-PI06\/0867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS-PI06\/0867"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI05\/1052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI05\/1052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MS13\/00054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MS13\/00054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI11\/02591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI11\/02591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17\/00663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/00663"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPII16\/00051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII16\/00051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI041436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI041436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI14\/00891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI14\/00891"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS-PI09\/00090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS-PI09\/00090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI09\/02647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI09\/02647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI04\/1931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI04\/1931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI16\/1288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI16\/1288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI081151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI081151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI15\/00118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/00909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP11\/00178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP11\/00178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI13\/02429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI13\/02429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/00547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI042018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI042018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI11\/02038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI11\/02038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI07\/0314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI07\/0314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI13\/2032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI13\/2032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI13\/1944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI13\/1944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI14\/01687"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI14\/01687"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI05\/1079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI05\/1079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI06\/1213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI06\/1213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI04\/1112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI04\/1112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008062","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Alicia Koplowitz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002476","name":"Eulji University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7-ENV-2012-308333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-ENV-2012-308333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002476","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002476","name":"Eulji University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002476","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002476","name":"Eulji University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7-ENV-2007-1-211250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-ENV-2007-1-211250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002476","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002476","name":"Eulji University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7-ENV-2011-282957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-ENV-2011-282957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002476","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008666","name":"Fundaci\u00f3 la Marat\u00f3 de TV3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["090430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["090430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7-ENV-2012-308333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-ENV-2012-308333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7-ENV-2011-282957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-ENV-2011-282957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]],"date-time":"2020-03-16T16:12:16Z","timestamp":1584375136000},"page":"105619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prenatal air pollution exposure and growth and cardio-metabolic risk in preschoolers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Serena","family":"Fossati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damaskini","family":"Valvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cirach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Estarlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Somoano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f2nica","family":"Guxens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"I\u00f1iguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaia","family":"Irizar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aitana","family":"Lertxundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Nieuwenhuijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibon","family":"Tamayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Vioque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adonina","family":"Tard\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Sunyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Vrijheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0005","first-page":"593","article-title":"Smoking during pregnancy: a review of effects on growth and development of offspring","volume":"52","author":"Abel","year":"1980","journal-title":"Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.130","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in young children: definitions and results of the IDEFICS study","volume":"38","author":"Ahrens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-018-0140-5","article-title":"Ambient and traffic-related air pollution exposures as novel risk factors for metabolic dysfunction and Type 2 diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Alderete","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Epidemiol. Reports"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588S","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2004.10719428","article-title":"The developmental origins of adult disease","volume":"23","author":"Barker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205404","article-title":"Evaluation of the association between maternal smoking, childhood obesity, and metabolic disorders: a national toxicology program workshop review","volume":"121","author":"Behl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1","article-title":"Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: an update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"121","author":"Brook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.07.026","article-title":"Prenatal particulate air pollution exposure and body composition in urban preschool children: examining sensitive windows and sex-specific associations","volume":"158","author":"Chiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.05.018","article-title":"Prenatal ambient air pollution exposure, infant growth and placental mitochondrial DNA content in the INMA birth cohort","volume":"157","author":"Clemente","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooke, D.W., Divall, S.A., Radovick, S., 2017. Normal and Aberrant Growth in Children. In: Melmed, S., Polonsky, K.S., Larsen, P.R., Kronenberg, H.M., (Eds.) Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. Thirteenth. Elsevier, 2017, pp. 964\u20131073. doi:10.1016\/B978-0-323-29738-7.00024-1.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-29738-7.00024-1"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.152","article-title":"Environmental factors in cardiovascular disease","volume":"12","author":"Cosselman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2008.10.010","article-title":"le Comit\u00e9 de nutrition de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de p\u00e9diatrie. [WHO growth standards for infants and young children]","volume":"16","author":"de Onis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0065","first-page":"350","article-title":"Proposal for a social class measure. Working Group of the Spanish Society of Epidemiology and the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine","volume":"25","author":"Domingo-Salvany","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aten primaria"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11195","DOI":"10.1021\/es301948k","article-title":"Development of Land Use Regression models for PM(2.5), PM(2.5) absorbance, PM(10) and PM(coarse) in 20 European study areas; results of the ESCAPE project","volume":"46","author":"Eeftens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eze, I.C., Schaffner, E., Foraster, M., et al., 2015. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and metabolic syndrome in adults. Cormier SA, ed. PLoS One, vol. 10, 6 , e0130337. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0130337.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130337"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12092","article-title":"Mediterranean dietary pattern in pregnant women and offspring risk of overweight and abdominal obesity in early childhood: the INMA birth cohort study","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Barr\u00e9s","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Obes."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000203","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to traffic pollution: associations with reduced fetal growth and rapid infant weight gain","volume":"26","author":"Fleisch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12106","article-title":"Prenatal and early life exposure to traffic pollution and cardiometabolic health in childhood","volume":"12","author":"Fleisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00771","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to traffic pollution and childhood body mass index trajectory","volume":"9","author":"Fleisch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102294","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and child BMI-A study of prenatal exposure to nitrogen oxides and body mass index in children at the age of four years in Malm\u00f6, Sweden","volume":"15","author":"Frondelius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr054","article-title":"Cohort Profile: The INMA\u2014INfancia y Medio Ambiente\u2014(Environment and Childhood) Project","volume":"41","author":"Guxens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys025","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring trajectories of height and adiposity: comparing maternal and paternal associations","volume":"41","author":"Howe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0120","article-title":"The association of air pollution with body mass index: evidence from Hong Kong\u2019s \u201cChildren of 1997\u201d birth cohort","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.08.006","article-title":"Estimation of personal NO2 exposure in a cohort of pregnant women","volume":"407","author":"I\u00f1iguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500388","article-title":"A review and evaluation of intraurban air pollution exposure models","volume":"15","author":"Jerrett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Expo Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0409-7","article-title":"Longitudinal associations of in utero and early life near-roadway air pollution with trajectories of childhood body mass index","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.06.021","article-title":"Particulate matter and early childhood body weight","volume":"94","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.10.109","article-title":"Impact of ambient PM 2.5 on adverse birth outcome and potential molecular mechanism","volume":"169","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0125","unstructured":"Livingstone, C., 2001. Human Embryology. 3rd. (Elsevier, ed.)."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1330","article-title":"Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children from the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort Study","volume":"125","author":"Manzano-Salgado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP261","article-title":"Individual and Joint Effects of Early-Life Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Obesity on Childhood Overweight or Obesity","volume":"125","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.000842","article-title":"Lipid Screening in Children and Adolescents in Community Practice: 2007 to 2010","volume":"7","author":"Margolis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0175","first-page":"451","article-title":"Relation between tobacco smoking of pregnant women and body size of their progeny: a compilation and synthesis of published studies","volume":"47","author":"Meredith","year":"1975","journal-title":"Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201508-1599OC","article-title":"Ozone exposure increases circulating stress hormones and lipid metabolites in humans","volume":"193","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22095","article-title":"Maternal metabolic health parameters during pregnancy in relation to early childhood BMI trajectories","volume":"26","author":"Montazeri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0190","first-page":"18","article-title":"Influence of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on fetal and childhood growth","volume":"57","author":"Naeye","year":"1981","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0195","first-page":"493","article-title":"Effects of air pollution on growth in schoolchildren","volume":"38","author":"Nikoli\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"Coll. Antropol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0200","first-page":"241","article-title":"Low birth weight and catch-up-growth associated with metabolic syndrome: a ten year systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Nobili","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Endocrinol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0205","unstructured":"Pearl, J., 2001. Direct and indirect effects. In: Seventeenth Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 2001, pp. 411\u2013420."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.022","article-title":"Lower birth weight predicts metabolic syndrome in young adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Young Adults (ARYA)-study","volume":"184","author":"Ramadhani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-5-45","article-title":"Development of a compendium of energy expenditures for youth","volume":"5","author":"Ridley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu150","article-title":"Parental smoking and childhood obesity: higher effect estimates for maternal smoking in pregnancy compared with paternal smoking\u2013a meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Riedel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199203000-00013","article-title":"Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects","volume":"3","author":"Robins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5883","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5883.28","article-title":"Sonar measurement of fetal crown-rump length as means of assessing maturity in first trimester of pregnancy","volume":"4","author":"Robinson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21558","article-title":"The association between passive and active tobacco smoke exposure and child weight status among Spanish children","volume":"24","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29482","article-title":"Mediterranean dietary patterns and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA project","volume":"92","author":"Romaguera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174412000554","article-title":"Infant BMI trajectories are associated with young adult body composition","volume":"4","author":"Slining","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4161\/endo.27489","article-title":"Neurobehavioral and metabolic impacts of inhaled pollutants","volume":"1","author":"Thomson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr. Disrupt."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfw061","article-title":"Ozone inhalation provokes glucocorticoid-dependent and -independent effects on inflammatory and metabolic pathways","volume":"152","author":"Thomson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031034","article-title":"Mediation analysis allowing for exposure-mediator interactions and causal interpretation: theoretical assumptions and implementation with SAS and SPSS macros","volume":"18","author":"Valeri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032315-021402","article-title":"Mediation analysis: a practitioner\u2019s guide","volume":"37","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.05.001","article-title":"Environmental pollutants and child health\u2014a review of recent concerns","volume":"219","author":"Vrijheid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0035","series-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards: Length\/Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age: Methods and Development","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ambient Air Pollution: A Global Assessment of Exposure and Burden of Disease, 2016. (World Health Organization, ed.).","DOI":"10.17159\/2410-972X\/2016\/v26n2a4"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww157","article-title":"Ambient fine particulate matter, outdoor temperature, and risk of metabolic syndrome","volume":"185","author":"Wallwork","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307271","article-title":"Performance of multi-city land use regression models for nitrogen dioxide and fine particles","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxm007","article-title":"The obesity epidemic in the United States gender, age, socioeconomic, racial\/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2179","article-title":"Systemic effects of smoking","volume":"131","author":"Yanbaeva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.02.029","article-title":"Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution (including PM1) and metabolic syndrome: the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study (33CCHS)","volume":"164","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10944","article-title":"Maternal Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter \u22642.5 \u00b5m During Pregnancy and the Risk for High Blood Pressure in Childhood","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412019337146?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412019337146?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:35:49Z","timestamp":1777491349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412019337146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S0160412019337146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prenatal air pollution exposure and growth and cardio-metabolic risk in preschoolers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105619","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105619"}}