{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:05:50Z","timestamp":1789178750683,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T04:58:47Z","timestamp":1629608327000},"page":"106828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effect of exposure to radiofrequency fields on cancer risk in the general and working population: A protocol for a systematic review of human observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Susanna","family":"Lagorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Blettner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Baaken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Feychting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Karipidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Loney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Orsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"R\u00f6\u00f6sli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilia Silva","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Elwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0005","series-title":"Health effects from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields","author":"AGNIR","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0010","first-page":"358","article-title":"The use of grey literature in health sciences: a preliminary survey","volume":"78","author":"Alberani","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0015","unstructured":"ANSES. Radiofr\u00e9quences et sant\u00e9. Mise \u00e0 jour de l\u2019expertise. Maisons-Alfort: Agence nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire de l\u2019alimentation de l\u2019environnement et du travail; 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0020","unstructured":"ANSES. Exposition aux radiofr\u00e9quences et sant\u00e9 des enfants. Maisons-Alfort: Agence nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire de l\u2019alimentation de l\u2019environnement et du travail; 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.6","article-title":"Graphical displays for meta-analysis: An overview with suggestions for practice","volume":"1","author":"Anzures-Cabrera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0030","unstructured":"ARPANSA. Review of radiofrequency health effects research: Scientific literature 2000-2012. in: Radiofrequency Expert Panel, ed. Technical Report Series No 164. Yallambie: Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency; 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-020-0228-0","article-title":"Challenges and recommendations on the conduct of systematic reviews of observational epidemiologic studies in environmental and occupational health","volume":"31","author":"Arroyave","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz127","article-title":"Headache, tinnitus and hearing loss in the international Cohort Study of Mobile Phone Use and Health (COSMOS) in Sweden and Finland","author":"Auvinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20651","article-title":"Impact of random and systematic recall errors and selection bias in case\u2013control studies on mobile phone use and brain tumors in adolescents (CEFALO study)","volume":"32","author":"Aydin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2011.08.013","article-title":"Predictors and overestimation of recalled mobile phone use among children and adolescents","volume":"107","author":"Aydin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70147-4","article-title":"Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields","volume":"12","author":"Baan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0060","series-title":"Biological and medical aspects of electromagnetic fields","article-title":"Introduction to electromagnetic fields","author":"Barnes","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500390","article-title":"Assessment of radiofrequency exposure from cellular telephone daily use in an epidemiological study: German validation study of the international case-control study of cancers of the brain\u2013INTERPHONE-Study","volume":"15","author":"Berg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110505","article-title":"Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile communication: Description of modeled dose in brain regions and the body in European children and adolescents","volume":"193","author":"Birks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0075","first-page":"27","article-title":"Mobile phone use and risk for intracranial tumors and salivary gland tumors - A meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Bortkiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2017.111","article-title":"Reviewing retrieved references for inclusion in systematic reviews using EndNote","volume":"105","author":"Bramer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105808","article-title":"Estimated whole-brain and lobe-specific radiofrequency electromagnetic fields doses and brain volumes in preadolescents","volume":"142","author":"Cabr\u00e9-Riera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0090","series-title":"World Cancer Report: Cancer Research for Cancer Prevention","article-title":"The burden and prevention of premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases, including cancer: a global perspective","author":"Cao","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_bib909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2011-100155","article-title":"Risk of brain tumours in relation to estimated RF dose from mobile phones: results from five Interphone countries","volume":"68","author":"Cardis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/11\/001","article-title":"Distribution of RF energy emitted by mobile phones in anatomical structures of the brain","volume":"53","author":"Cardis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_bib913","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2011-100065","article-title":"Estimation of RF energy absorbed in the brain from mobile phones in the Interphone Study","volume":"68","author":"Cardis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-020-01539-0","article-title":"Cancer risks of firefighters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of secular trends and region-specific differences","volume":"93","author":"Casjens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0105","unstructured":"CCARS. Informe sobre Radiofrecuencia y Salud (2013-2016). Madrid: Comit\u00e9 Cient\u00edfico Asesor en Radiofrecuencias y Salud. Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n (COIT); 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2016.04.010","article-title":"Has the incidence of brain cancer risen in Australia since the introduction of mobile phones 29 years ago?","volume":"42","author":"Chapman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218079","article-title":"Cellular phone use and risk of tumors: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-019-1069-6","article-title":"Usability and acceptability of four systematic review automation software packages: a mixed method design","volume":"8","author":"Cleo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280218773122","article-title":"One-stage dose-response meta-analysis for aggregated data","volume":"28","author":"Crippa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crippa A, Orsini N. Multivariate Dose-Response Meta-Analysis: The dosres metaR Package. J Stat Softw 2016;72.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v072.c01"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12531","article-title":"Does cell phone use increase the chances of parotid gland tumor development? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"de Siqueira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.10.019","article-title":"Inferring the 1985\u20132014 impact of mobile phone use on selected brain cancer subtypes using Bayesian structural time series and synthetic controls","volume":"97","author":"de Vocht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Vocht F. Corrigendum to \u201cInferring the 1985-2014 impact of mobile phone use on selected brain cancer subtypes using Bayesian structural time series and synthetic controls\u201d [Environ. Int. (2016), 97, 100-107]. Environ Int 2017;101:201-202.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.01.015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.10.011","article-title":"Analyses of temporal and spatial patterns of glioblastoma multiforme and other brain cancer subtypes in relation to mobile phones using synthetic counterfactuals","volume":"168","author":"de Vocht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_bib908","series-title":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Fourth","article-title":"Biology of Neoplasia","author":"Dean","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002742","article-title":"COSMOS-E: Guidance on conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies of etiology","volume":"16","author":"Dekkers","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182448295","article-title":"Mobile phone use and incidence of glioma in the Nordic countries 1979\u20132008: consistency check","volume":"23","author":"Deltour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0165","series-title":"Epidemiology of Electromagnetic Fields","article-title":"Synthesis of epidemiological studies on mobile phone use and the risk of brain tumors","author":"Deltour","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0170","series-title":"Expert Panel Report on a review of Safety Code 6 (2013): Health Canada\u2019s safety limits for exposure to radiofrequency fields","author":"Demers","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/39\/10\/003","article-title":"SAR calculations in an anatomically realistic model of the head for mobile communication transceivers at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz","volume":"39","author":"Dimbylow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032648","article-title":"Characterisation of energy deposition in the head from cellular phones","volume":"83","author":"Dimbylow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29379","article-title":"Epidemiology of meningiomas post-Public Law 107\u2013206: The Benign Brain Tumor Cancer Registries Amendment Act","volume":"121","author":"Dolecek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0190","unstructured":"Drie\u00dfen S, Dechent D, Gollnick F, et al. Evaluierung des EMF-Portals und ableitung von erkenntnissen und empfehlungen f\u00fcr dessen weitere gestaltung - vorhaben FM8857 [Evaluation of the EMF portal and derivation of findings and recommendations for its further design - project FM8857]. Salzgitter: BfS-RESFOR-124\/17; 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0195","unstructured":"Elsevier BV. Embase fact sheet. Elsevier Inc.; 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0200","series-title":"Critical appraisal of epidemiological studies and clinical trials","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3714","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618569114","article-title":"Meta-assessment of bias in science","volume":"114","author":"Fanelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0210","unstructured":"Farhat N, Al Ruwaili H, Gogna P, et al. Systematic review of exposure to radiofrequency fields and cancer PROSPERO - International prospective register of systematic reviews 2020;Protocol CRD 42020202914:1-6."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0215","unstructured":"FDA. Review of published literature between 2008 and 2018 of relevance to radiofrequency radiation and cancer. Food and Drug Administration - Center for Devices and Radiological Health; 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144445","article-title":"EMF and health","volume":"26","author":"Feychting","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.05.005","article-title":"Classification of personal exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) for epidemiological research: Evaluation of different exposure assessment methods","volume":"36","author":"Frei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0230","series-title":"Epidemiology of Electromagnetic Fields","article-title":"Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in our everyday environment","author":"Frei","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0235","series-title":"Third edition, first revision","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0240","unstructured":"Fu R, Gartlehner G, Grant M, et al. Conducting quantitative synthesis when comparing medical interventions: AHRQ and the Effective Health Care Program. Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031031","article-title":"Design choices for observational studies of the effect of exposure on disease incidence","volume":"9","author":"Gail","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0250","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Fitzmaurice C, Abate D, et al. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncol 2019;5:1749-1768."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.04.018","article-title":"Recall of mobile phone usage and laterality in young people: The multinational Mobi-Expo study","volume":"165","author":"Goedhart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.21931","article-title":"Using software-modified smartphones to validate self-reported mobile phone use in young people: A pilot study","volume":"36","author":"Goedhart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0265","first-page":"3102","article-title":"Long-term use of mobile phone and its association with glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Gong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0270","unstructured":"Greenland S, O Rourke K. Meta-Analysis. in: Rothman K.J., Greenland S., Lash T.L., eds. Modern Epidemiology. Philadelphia, PA (USA): Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3109\/15368378.2011.624232","article-title":"Is there any exposure from a mobile phone in stand-by mode?","volume":"31","author":"Hansson Mild","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electromagn. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_bib912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0800800403","article-title":"Meta-regression in Stata","volume":"8","author":"Harbord","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stata J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2012.11.001","article-title":"Use of mobile phones and cordless phones is associated with increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma","volume":"20","author":"Hardell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/35\/2\/429","article-title":"Occupational exposures to radiofrequency fields: results of an Israeli national survey","volume":"35","author":"Hareuveny","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Radiol. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1402","article-title":"The median and the mode as robust meta-analysis estimators in the presence of small-study effects and outliers","volume":"11","author":"Hartwig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0295","article-title":"Mobile phones and cancer Part 3. Update and overall conclusions from epidemiological and animal studies","author":"HCN","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1390","article-title":"Examining overlap of included studies in meta-reviews: Guidance for using the corrected covered area index","volume":"11","author":"Hennessy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0305","series-title":"Methodology for systematic evidence reviews for WHO environmental noise guidelines for the European Region ed^eds","author":"H\u00e9roux","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0315","series-title":"Methodological expectations of Cochrane intervention reviews (MECIR)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0320","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Li T, Deeks JJ. Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. in: Higgins J.P.T., Thomas J., Chandler J., Cumpston M., Li T., Page M.J., Welch V.A., eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6-2 (updated February 2021): Cochrane; 2021a."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0325","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Savovi\u0107 J, M.J. P, et al. Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. in: Higgins J.P.T., Thomas J., Chandler J., Cumpston M., Li T., Page M.J., Welch V.A., eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6-2 (updated February 2021): Cochrane; 2021b."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0330","unstructured":"IARC. Non-ionizing radiation, Part 2: Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, vol 102. Lyon: IARC Press; 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0335","unstructured":"ICHENF. Interagency Committee on the Health Effects of Non-Ionising Fields - Report to Ministers 2018. Wellington: Ministry of Health; 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001210","article-title":"Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)","volume":"118","author":"ICNIRP","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001252","article-title":"Principles for non-ionizing radiation protection","volume":"118","author":"ICNIRP","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0350","unstructured":"IEEE. Std C95.1-2019 Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz. 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.049676","article-title":"A new method to determine laterality of mobile telephone use in adolescents","volume":"67","author":"Inyang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39343.408449.80","article-title":"Uncertainty in heterogeneity estimates in meta-analyses","volume":"335","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-104128","article-title":"Meta-analyses in environmental and occupational health","volume":"75","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0370","series-title":"Measuring digital development. Facts and figures 2019","author":"ITU","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0375","series-title":"Radio Regulations","author":"ITU","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32199","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality among firefighters","volume":"145","author":"Jalilian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0385","unstructured":"Jensen OM, Parkin DM, MacLennan R, et al. eds. Cancer registration: principles and methods. IARC Sci Publ 95. Lyon: IARC Press; 1991."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.009","article-title":"Application of the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology to the evidence for developmental and reproductive toxicity of triclosan","volume":"92\u201393","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204068","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3036977","article-title":"Actual Output Power Levels of User Equipment in 5G Commercial Networks and Implications on Realistic RF EMF Exposure Assessment","volume":"8","author":"Joshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0400","first-page":"53","article-title":"Feasibility of constructing the radiation component of an Australian job-exposure matrix","volume":"24","author":"Karipidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Occup Health Saf Aust NZ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024489","article-title":"Mobile phone use and incidence of brain tumour histological types, grading or anatomical location: a population-based ecological study","volume":"8","author":"Karipidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karipidis K, Elwood M, Benke G, et al. Correction: Mobile phone use and incidence of brain tumour histological types, grading or anatomical location: a population-based ecological study. BMJ Open 2019;9:e024489corr024481.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024489corr1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-021-00297-6","article-title":"5G mobile networks and health-a state-of-the-science review of the research into low-level RF fields above 6 GHz","author":"Karipidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199804)33:4<409::AID-AJIM12>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"From cross-tabulations to multipurpose exposure information systems: a new job-exposure matrix","volume":"33","author":"Kauppinen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2016.73","article-title":"Long-term recall accuracy for mobile phone calls in young Japanese people: A follow-up validation study using software-modified phones","volume":"28","author":"Kiyohara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2015.13","article-title":"Recall accuracy of mobile phone calls among Japanese young people","volume":"26","author":"Kiyohara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.21829","article-title":"Mobile phone use and risk of intracranial tumors: a consistency analysis","volume":"35","author":"Lagorio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.21782","article-title":"Combining near- and far-field exposure for an organ-specific and whole-body RF-EMF proxy for epidemiological research: a reference case","volume":"34","author":"Lauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0445","unstructured":"Laurier D, R\u00f6\u00f6sli M. Ionizing radiation and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Further clarification of particular risks. in: Wild C.P., Weiderpass E., B.W. S., eds. World Cancer Report: Cancer Research for Cancer Prevention. Lyon: IARC Press; 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0450","first-page":"1866","article-title":"Triangulation in aetiological epidemiology","volume":"45","author":"Lawlor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncaa127","article-title":"Evaluation of specific absorption rate in the far-field, near-to-far field and near-field regions for integrative radiofrequency exposure assessment","volume":"190","author":"Liorni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e1147","article-title":"Mobile phone use and glioma risk: Comparison of epidemiological study results with incidence trends in the United States","volume":"344","author":"Little","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_bib906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104944","article-title":"Identifying occupational carcinogens: an update from the IARC Monographs","volume":"75","author":"Loomis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4","article-title":"The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system","volume":"114","author":"Louis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0470","unstructured":"Mao Y, Zhou L, Wu J, et al. Meta-analysis on association between long term mobile phone use and glioma. PROSPERO ID CRD42013003587; 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30246-3","article-title":"Advisory Group recommendations on priorities for the IARC Monographs","volume":"20","author":"Marques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx041","article-title":"Modeled and perceived exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile-phone base stations and the development of symptoms over time in a general population cohort","volume":"186","author":"Martens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0485","unstructured":"McKenzie JE, Brennan SE. Chapter 12: Synthesizing and presenting findings using other methods. in: Higgins J.P.T., Thomas J., Chandler J., Cumpston M., Li T., Page M.J., Welch V.A., eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6-2 (updated February 2021): Cochrane; 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxz067","article-title":"Development of a job-exposure matrix for assessment of occupational exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields (3 kHz-300 GHz)","volume":"63","author":"Migault","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0495","series-title":"Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields","article-title":"Cellular effects of radio frequency, millimeter, and terahertz waves","author":"Miyakoshi","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0500","unstructured":"Modenese A, Gobba F, Bravo G. Cancer risk in workers with occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: a systematic review of the scientific literature. PROSPERO 2020;Registered protocol CRD42020200202."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.04.016","article-title":"GRADE guidelines for environmental and occupational health: A new series of articles in Environment International","volume":"128","author":"Morgan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.01.004","article-title":"GRADE: Assessing the quality of evidence in environmental and occupational health","volume":"92\u201393","author":"Morgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.015","article-title":"Identifying the PECO: A framework for formulating good questions to explore the association of environmental and other exposures with health outcomes","volume":"121","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_bib917","series-title":"Monograph on the systematic review of long-term neurological effects following acute exposure to Sarin","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_bib918","series-title":"Monograph on the systematic review of traffic-related air pollution and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0525","article-title":"OHAT Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies","author":"NTP-OHAT","year":"2015","journal-title":"National Toxicology Program - Office of Health Assessment and Translation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0530","unstructured":"NTP-OHAT. Handbook for Conducting a Literature-Based Health Assessment Using OHAT Approach for Systematic Review and Evidence Integration (March 4, 2019). National Toxicology Program - Office of Health Assessment and Translation; 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0535","unstructured":"NTP-ORoC. Handbook for Preparing Report on Carcinogens Monographs. Durham: National Toxicology Program - Office of the Report on Carcinogens; 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0540","series-title":"Modern Epidemiology","article-title":"Chapter 23 Using Secondary Data","author":"Olsen","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X211025798","article-title":"Weighted mixed-effects dose-response models for tables of correlated contrasts","volume":"21","author":"Orsini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stata J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orsini N, Spiegelman D. Meta-analysis of dose-response relationships. in: Schmid C.H., Stijenen T., Whitev I.R., eds. Handbook of Meta-Analysis: Chapman & Hall; 2020.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315119403-18"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostrom QT, Patil N, Cioffi G, et al. CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2013-2017. Neuro Oncol 2020;22:iv1-iv96.","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa200"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0560","unstructured":"Page MJ, Higgins JPT, Sterne JAC. Chapter 13: Assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis. in: Higgins J.P.T., Thomas J., Chandler J., Cumpston M., Li T., Page M.J., Welch V.A., eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6-2 (updated February 2021): Cochrane; 2021a."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0570","series-title":"Meta-Analysis in Stata: An Updated Collection from the Stata Journal","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20710","article-title":"Output power distributions of terminals in a 3G mobile communication network","volume":"33","author":"Persson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/02763869.2017.1259891","article-title":"Managing and coding references for systematic reviews and scoping reviews in EndNote","volume":"36","author":"Peters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Ref Serv Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2014.76","article-title":"Validation of self-reported start year of mobile phone use in a Swedish case-control study on radiofrequency fields and acoustic neuroma risk","volume":"25","author":"Pettersson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0590","series-title":"A Dictionary of Epidemiology. Sixth edition, ebook","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2850-8","article-title":"Mobile phone use and risk of brain tumours: a systematic review of association between study quality, source of funding, and research outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Prasad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.078","article-title":"Development of outcome-specific criteria for study evaluation in systematic reviews of epidemiology studies","volume":"130","author":"Radke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20716","article-title":"Systematic review of wireless phone use and brain cancer and other head tumors","volume":"33","author":"Repacholi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S218670","article-title":"Epidemiology of vestibular schwannomas - prospective 40-year data from an unselected national cohort","volume":"11","author":"Reznitsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307972","article-title":"Systematic review and evidence integration for literature-based environmental health science assessments","volume":"122","author":"Rooney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-044037","article-title":"Brain and salivary gland tumors and mobile phone use: Evaluating the evidence from various epidemiological study designs","volume":"40","author":"R\u00f6\u00f6sli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5634","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120505634","article-title":"Development of an RF-EMF exposure surrogate for epidemiologic research","volume":"12","author":"Roser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.12.008","article-title":"Personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure measurements in Swiss adolescents","volume":"99","author":"Roser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22176","article-title":"Simulation of the incidence of malignant brain tumors in birth cohorts that started using mobile phones when they first became popular in Japan","volume":"40","author":"Sato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0640","series-title":"Interpreting Epidemiologic Evidence: Connecting Research to Applications","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz131","article-title":"The problem with mechanistic risk of bias assessments in evidence synthesis of observational studies and a practical alternative: Assessing the impact of specific sources of potential bias","volume":"188","author":"Savitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0650","article-title":"Potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF)","author":"SCENIHR","year":"2015","journal-title":"Luxembourg: European Commission's Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_bib916","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann, H., Bro\u017cek, J., Guyatt, G., et al., 2013. Chapter 8. Criteria for determining whether the GRADE approach was used. Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach Available from https:\/\/gradeproorg\/cite\/guidelinedevelopmentorg\/handbook."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20460","article-title":"An evaluation of exposure metrics in an epidemiologic study on radio and television broadcast transmitters and the risk of childhood leukemia","volume":"30","author":"Schmiedel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.01.012","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 18. How ROBINS-I and other tools to assess risk of bias in nonrandomized studies should be used to rate the certainty of a body of evidence","volume":"111","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0665","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ, Higgins JPT, Vist GE, et al. Chapter 14: Completing \u2018Summary of findings\u2019 tables and grading the certainty of the evidence. in: Higgins J.P.T., Thomas J., Chandler J., Cumpston M., Li T., Page M.J., Welch V.A., eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6-2 (updated February 2021): Cochrane; 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_bib911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494809341096","article-title":"Lost in laterality: interpreting preferred side of the head during mobile phone use and risk of brain tumour\u2019\u2019 associations","volume":"37","author":"Sch\u00fcz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0670","article-title":"What is publication bias in a meta-analysis?","volume":"351","author":"Sedgwick","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0675","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation","volume":"350","author":"Shamseer","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP4224","article-title":"Software tools to facilitate systematic review used for cancer hazard identification","volume":"126","author":"Shapiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0685","series-title":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention","article-title":"Morphological and molecular classification of human cancer","author":"Sherman","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e324","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001335","article-title":"Availability of a new job-exposure matrix (CANJEM) for epidemiologic and occupational medicine purposes","volume":"60","author":"Siemiatycki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0695","unstructured":"Siemiatycki J, Rushton L. Occupation. The need for continuing vigilance. in: Wild C.P., Weiderpass E., B.W. S., eds. World Cancer Report: Cancer Research for Cancer Prevention. Lyon: IARC Press; 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0700","unstructured":"Smith MT, Guyton KZ. Identifying carcinogens from 10 key characteristics. A new approach based on mechanisms. in: Wild C.P., Weiderpass E., B.W. S., eds. World Cancer Report: Cancer Research for Cancer Prevention. Lyon: IARC Press; 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song F, Parekh S, Hooper L, et al. Dissemination and publication of research findings: an updated review of related biases. Health Technol Assess 2010;14:iii, ix-xi, 1-193.","DOI":"10.3310\/hta14080"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0710","series-title":"Recent Research on EMF and Health Risk: Eighth report from SSM's Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields","author":"SSM","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0715","unstructured":"SSM. Recent Research on EMF and Health Risk: Ninth report from SSM\u2019s Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields, 2014. Stockholm: Swedish Radiation Safety Authority; 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0720","unstructured":"SSM. Recent Research on EMF and Health Risk: Tenth report from SSM\u2019s Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields, 2015. Stockholm: Swedish Radiation Safety Authority; 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0725","unstructured":"SSM. Recent Research on EMF and Health Risk: Eleventh report from SSM's Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields, 2016. Stockholm: Swedish Radiation Safety Authority; 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0730","unstructured":"SSM. Recent Research on EMF and Health Risk: Twelfth report from SSM's Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields, 2017. Stockholm: Swedish Radiation Safety Authority; 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0735","unstructured":"SSM. Recent Research on EMF and Health Risk: Thirteenth report from SSM's Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields, 2018. Stockholm: Swedish Radiation Safety Authority; 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0740","unstructured":"SSM. Recent Research on EMF and Health Risk: Fourteenth report from SSM\u2019s Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields, 2019. Stockholm: Swedish Radiation Safety Authority; 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95002","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP6980","article-title":"Risk of bias assessments and evidence syntheses for observational epidemiologic studies of environmental and occupational exposures: Strengths and limitations","volume":"128","author":"Steenland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0750","first-page":"1457","article-title":"International Classification of Childhood Cancer","volume":"103","author":"Steliarova-Foucher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Third edition. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","article-title":"Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials","volume":"343","author":"Sterne","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0760","series-title":"Meta-Analysis in Stata: An Updated Collection from the Stata Journal","article-title":"Cumulative meta-analysis","author":"Sterne","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0765","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Hern\u00e1n MA, McAleenan A, et al. Chapter 25. Assessing risk of bias in a non-randomized study. in: Higgins J.P.T., Thomas J., Chandler J., Cumpston M., Li T., Page M.J., Welch V.A., eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6-2 (updated February 2021): Cochrane; 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032650","article-title":"Measurement of radiofrequency radiation exposure in epidemiological studies","volume":"83","author":"Swerdlow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_bib910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604214","article-title":"Mobile phone use, exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field, and brain tumour: a case-control study","volume":"98","author":"Takebayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.027","article-title":"Using GRADE to respond to health questions with different levels of urgency","volume":"92\u201393","author":"Thayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0780","unstructured":"The New York Academy of Medicine. What is Grey Literature? Grey Literature Report web site: (https:\/\/www.greylit.org); 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0785","unstructured":"UIC University Library. Systematic Reviews for the Health Sciences: Grey Literature. UIC Library Web Page (https:\/\/researchguides.uic.edu): University of Illinois Chicago; 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2012.97","article-title":"Impact of one's own mobile phone in stand-by mode on personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure","volume":"23","author":"Urbinello","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0795","unstructured":"van Wel L, Liorni I, Huss A, et al. Radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure and contribution of sources in the general population: an organ-specific integrative exposure assessment. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2021;epub 2021\/03\/02."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106300","article-title":"Prioritizing health outcomes when assessing the effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: A survey among experts","volume":"146","author":"Verbeek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0805","first-page":"20","article-title":"Comprehensive Review of Quality of Publications and Meta-analysis of Genetic Damage in Mammalian Cells Exposed to Non-Ionizing Radiofrequency Fields","volume":"191","author":"Vijayalaxmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0810","first-page":"184","article-title":"A source-based measurement database for occupational exposure assessment of electromagnetic fields in the INTEROCC study: A literature review approach","volume":"60","author":"Vila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.06.038","article-title":"Occupational exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields and brain tumor risk in the INTEROCC study: An individualized assessment approach","volume":"119","author":"Vila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0820","article-title":"Cell phone use and the risk of glioma: are case-control study findings consistent with Canadian time trends in cancer incidence?","volume":"111283","author":"Villeneuve","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2008.27","article-title":"Recall bias in the assessment of exposure to mobile phones","volume":"19","author":"Vrijheid","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.043380","article-title":"Determinants of mobile phone output power in a multinational study: implications for exposure assessment","volume":"66","author":"Vrijheid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C298","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.200759","article-title":"Meta-analysis of association between mobile phone use and glioma risk","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105926","article-title":"Recommendations for the conduct of systematic reviews in toxicology and environmental health research (COSTER)","volume":"143","author":"Whaley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0845","series-title":"Research Agenda for Radiofrequency Fields","author":"WHO","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0850","series-title":"Handbook for Guideline Development","author":"WHO","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0855","unstructured":"WHO. Radio Frequency fields: Environmental Health Criteria Monograph. Consultation on the scientific review for the upcoming WHO Environmental Health Criteria (30 September -15 December 2014). Chapter 12 Cancer. 2014b."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0860","unstructured":"WHO. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 10th revision (ICD-10). Fifth edition. Online 2019 version (available from https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en). 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0865","series-title":"Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region ed^eds","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0870","unstructured":"Wild CP, Weiderpass E, B.W. S, et al. eds. World Cancer Report: Cancer Research for Cancer Prevention. Lyon: IARC Press; 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22145","article-title":"The epidemiology of cancer among police officers","volume":"56","author":"Wirth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33553","article-title":"Nonmalignant meningioma and vestibular schwannoma incidence trends in the United States, 2004\u20132017","author":"Withrow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-021-00307-7","article-title":"Meta-analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies of the biological effects of low-level millimetre waves","author":"Wood","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0890","series-title":"Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Summary of Research and Policy Options","article-title":"Chapter 13: RF Guidelines and Standards","author":"Wood","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0895","series-title":"Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Summary of Research and Policy Options","article-title":"Chapter 16: Possible Low-Level Radiofrequency Effects","author":"Wood","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307175","article-title":"The Navigation Guide systematic review methodology: a rigorous and transparent method for translating environmental health science into better health outcomes","volume":"122","author":"Woodruff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_bib907","series-title":"World Cancer Report: Cancer Research for Cancer Prevention","article-title":"Known causes of human cancer by organ site","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828_b0905","article-title":"Mobile phone use and glioma risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412021004530?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412021004530?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T12:18:47Z","timestamp":1758975527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412021004530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":191,"alternative-id":["S0160412021004530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of exposure to radiofrequency fields on cancer risk in the general and working population: A protocol for a systematic review of human observational studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106828","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106828"}}