{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:51:45Z","timestamp":1790016705418,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T02:06:14Z","timestamp":1686535574000},"page":"108031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Individual exposure of ambient particulate matters and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal Polyps: Dose-Response, mediation effects and recurrence prediction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunsheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoji","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunguang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qintai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijian","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luyun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengshuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0910-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S290424","article-title":"Burden of disease in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"14","author":"Bachert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2018.1538567","article-title":"Role of blood inflammatory cells in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"139","author":"Brescia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.013","article-title":"Defining the allergic endotype of chronic rhinosinusitis by structured histopathology and clinical variables","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-01952-4","article-title":"The comparison of inflammatory markers for the prediction of recurrence of the nasal polyp after endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"74","author":"Cengiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S258438","article-title":"Management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis in the era of biologics","volume":"14","author":"Cm","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cole SR, Hern\u00e1n MA.2002. Fallibility in estimating direct effects, International Journal of Epidemiology 31(1):163\u2013165, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/31.1.163.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.1.163"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2016.30.4297","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis: Epidemiology and burden of disease","volume":"30","author":"DeConde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22740","article-title":"Rhinologic disease and its impact on sleep: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Fried","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22994","article-title":"The roles of eosinophils and interleukin-5 in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"12","author":"Gevaert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0050","first-page":"261","article-title":"A retrospective study of changes of histopathology of nasal polyps in adult chinese in central china","volume":"57","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung SJ. 2021. Introduction to mediation analysis and examples of its application to real-world data. J Prev Med Public Health 54(3):166-172. doi: 10.3961\/jpmph.21.069.","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.21.069"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kato A, Peters A, Stevens WW, Schleimer R, Tan BK, Kern R. 2021. Endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis; relationships to disease phenotypes, pathogenesis, clinical findings and treatment approaches. Allergy. 77(3):812-826. doi: 10.1111\/all.15074.","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15074"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020910","article-title":"Advances in the knowledge of the underlying airway remodeling mechanisms in chronic rhinosinusitis based on the endotypes: A review","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14503","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08004-y","article-title":"Integrated assessment of the environmental and economic effects of \u201ccoal-to-gas conversion\u201d project in rural areas of northern china","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2021.13.3.363","article-title":"A potential role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy, Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.03.075","article-title":"National air pollution distribution in china and related geographic, gaseous pollutant, and socio-economic factors","volume":"250","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4231","article-title":"Predictive significance of tissue eosinophilia for nasal polyp recurrence in the chinese population","volume":"29","author":"Lou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110923","article-title":"Acute effect of ambient air pollution on hospital outpatient cases of chronic sinusitis in xinxiang, china","volume":"202","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2021.100531","article-title":"The changes of clinical and histological characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis in 18 years: Was there an inflammatory pattern shift in southern china?","volume":"14","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.47162\/RJME.61.2.01","article-title":"Latest advances in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps endotyping and biomarkers, and their significance for daily practice","volume":"61","author":"Maniu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S311640","article-title":"Insights into the implications of coexisting type 2 inflammatory diseases","volume":"14","author":"McCormick","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2018.32.4496","article-title":"Naive and effector b-cell subtypes are increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps","volume":"32","author":"Miljkovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000128","article-title":"Risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"15","author":"Min","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2018.00612","article-title":"The effects of air pollutants on the prevalence of common ear, nose, and throat diseases in south korea: A national population-based study","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892421993655","article-title":"Association of air pollutant exposure and sinonasal histopathology findings in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"35","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892419846263","article-title":"Analysis of histopathological endotyping for chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes based on comorbid asthma and allergic rhinitis","volume":"33","author":"Radabaugh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0351OC","article-title":"Airborne particulate matter induces nonallergic eosinophilic sinonasal inflammation in mice","volume":"57","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2022.103739","article-title":"Associations of community-level particulate matter with high-acuity visit presentation for sinusitis","volume":"44","author":"Salman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0145","series-title":"Statpearls. Treasure Island (FL):StatPearls Publishing Copyright \u00a9 2021","article-title":"Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis","author":"Sharma","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12577","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: Results from a cross-sectional survey in seven chinese cities","volume":"70","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.08.001","article-title":"Group 2 innate lymphoid cells in nasal polyposis","volume":"126","author":"Stevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21573","article-title":"Occupational and environmental risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Sundaresan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v059.i05","article-title":"mediation: R Package for Causal Mediation Analysis","volume":"59","author":"Tingley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032315-021402","article-title":"Mediation analysis: A practitioner's guide","volume":"37","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0175","article-title":"Systemic immune profile in patients with CRSwNP","volume":"5_suppl):554S\u2013561S","author":"Veloso-Teles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.05.041","article-title":"Diversity of TH cytokine profiles in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: A multicenter study in europe, asia, and oceania","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-3273-2020","article-title":"Improved 1 km resolution pm2.5 estimates across china using enhanced space\u2013time extremely randomized trees","volume":"20","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112136","article-title":"Reconstructing 1-km-resolution high-quality pm2.5 data records from 2000 to 2018 in china: Spatiotemporal variations and policy implications","volume":"252","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106290","article-title":"The chinahighpm(10) dataset: Generation, validation, and spatiotemporal variations from 2015 to 2019 across china","volume":"146","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4216107","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4216107","article-title":"Association between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and prevalence of allergic diseases in children, seoul, korea","volume":"2017","author":"Yi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1159\/000513312","article-title":"Changes in clinical and histological characteristics of nasal polyps in northern china over the past 2\u20133 decades","volume":"182","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202102-0368LE","article-title":"Long-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution and chronic rhinosinusitis in non-allergic patients","volume":"204","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412023003045?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412023003045?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T12:31:50Z","timestamp":1758976310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412023003045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0160412023003045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Individual exposure of ambient particulate matters and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal Polyps: Dose-Response, mediation effects and recurrence prediction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108031","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108031"}}