{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:24:45Z","timestamp":1792290285303,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:30:20Z","timestamp":1687307420000},"page":"108049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Global future population exposure to heatwaves"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4434-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhe","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianxiang","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14901","article-title":"How do we overcome abrupt degradation of marine ecosystems and meet the challenge of heat waves and climate extremes?","volume":"26","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Change Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11852-020-00755-7","article-title":"A review on coastal erosion and flooding risks and best management practices in West Africa: what has been done and should be done","volume":"24","author":"Alves","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Coast Conserv."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2011.03.009","article-title":"Cities, mobility and climate change","volume":"19","author":"Banister","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21108","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005492117","article-title":"The motley drivers of heat and cold exposure in 21st century US cities","volume":"117","author":"Broadbent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0025","unstructured":"Burke, L., Kura, Y., Kasem, K., Revenga, C., Spalding, M., McAllister, D., 2001. Coastal Ecosystems. Washington DC World Resources Institute. p. 93."},{"issue":"7577","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15725","article-title":"Global non-linear effect of temperature on economic production","volume":"527","author":"Burke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjac020","article-title":"Valuing the Global Mortality Consequences of Climate Change Accounting for Adaptation Costs and Benefits*","volume":"137","author":"Carleton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Q. J. Econ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0040","article-title":"Global projections of future urban land expansion under shared socioeconomic pathways","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0045","series-title":"Chapter 7 - The Science of Adaptation to Extreme Heat","first-page":"89","author":"Coffel","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.13759","article-title":"Thermal niche traits of high alpine plant species and communities across the tropical Andes and their vulnerability to global warming","volume":"47","author":"Cuesta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biogeogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150424","article-title":"Population exposure to compound extreme events in India under different emission and population scenarios","volume":"806","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.7246","article-title":"Heat wave magnitude over India under changing climate: Projections from CMIP5 and CMIP6 experiments","volume":"42","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"issue":"5997","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188566","article-title":"Future CO2 Emissions and Climate Change from Existing Energy Infrastructure","volume":"329","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/14693062.2018.1517640","article-title":"Upholding labour productivity under climate change: an assessment of adaptation options","volume":"19","author":"Day","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clim. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dechezlepr\u00eatre, A., Fabre, A., Kruse, T., Planterose, B., Sanchez Chico, A., Stantcheva, S., 2022. Fighting Climate Change: International Attitudes Toward Climate Policies. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series No. 30265.","DOI":"10.3386\/w30265"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-9-1937-2016","article-title":"Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization","volume":"9","author":"Eyring","year":"2016","journal-title":"GeoSci. Model Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo866","article-title":"Consistent geographical patterns of changes in high-impact European heatwaves","volume":"3","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Geo. Sci."},{"issue":"5734","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1111772","article-title":"Global consequences of land use","volume":"309","author":"Foley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133313494962","article-title":"Coasts and climate: Insights from geomorphology","volume":"37","author":"French","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Phys. Geog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15788-7","article-title":"Mapping global urban land for the 21st century with data-driven simulations and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04173-0","article-title":"Quantifying climate feedbacks in polar regions","volume":"9","author":"Goosse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.01.050","article-title":"Air pollution characteristics and their relation to meteorological conditions during 2014\u20132015 in major Chinese cities","volume":"223","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.04.098","article-title":"Recent advances in carbon emissions reduction: policies, technologies, monitoring, assessment and modeling","volume":"103","author":"Huisingh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clean Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0120","unstructured":"International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2019. Infrastructure Development and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis for Developing Countries. Available at: https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WP\/Issues\/2019\/06\/14\/Infrastructure-Development-and-Economic-Growth-An-Empirical-Analysis-for-Developing-46564."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0125","unstructured":"IPCC Climate Change, 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ed V Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) accepted (available at: www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg1\/downloads\/report\/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf) 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148162","article-title":"Increased high-temperature extremes and associated population exposure in Africa by the mid-21st century","volume":"790","author":"Iyakaremye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0135","unstructured":"Jacklitsch, B. et al., 2016. U.S. NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"084003","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/8\/084003","article-title":"Spatially explicit global population scenarios consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways","volume":"11","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-017-2133-7","article-title":"Avoiding population exposure to heat-related extremes: demographic change vs climate change","volume":"146","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clim. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.08.022","article-title":"Building Human Resilience The Role of Public Health Preparedness and Response As an Adaptation to Climate Change","volume":"35","author":"Keim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2009.08.050","article-title":"Methodology for inventorying greenhouse gas emissions from global cities","volume":"38","author":"Kennedy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energ Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v2i0.2047","article-title":"Climate change, direct heat exposure, health and well-being in low and middle-income countries","volume":"2","author":"Kjellstrom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glob. Health Action"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2010.10.009","article-title":"The world by latitudes: A global analysis of human population, development level and environment across the north-south axis over the past half century","volume":"31","author":"Kummu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"094041","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac8e1b","article-title":"Avoided population exposure to extreme heat under two scenarios of global carbon neutrality by 2050 and 2060","volume":"17","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"094007","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac8755","article-title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of global population and heat exposure (2020\u20132100): based on improved SSP-consistent population projections","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.09.019","article-title":"A future land use simulation model (FLUS) for simulating multiple land use scenarios by coupling human and natural effects","volume":"168","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landscape Urban Plan."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"094002","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac188f","article-title":"Increasing population exposure to global warm-season concurrent dry and hot extremes under different warming levels","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"70","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0190","first-page":"209","article-title":"Methods of measuring the concentration of wealth","volume":"9","author":"Lorenz","year":"1905","journal-title":"Publ. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.062","article-title":"Assessing urban population vulnerability and environmental risks across an urban area during heatwaves - Implications for health protection","volume":"610","author":"Macintyre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5231","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.5724","article-title":"Assessment of future changes in Southeast Asian precipitation using the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections data set","volume":"38","author":"Mandapaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"issue":"7772","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1512-9","article-title":"Magnitude of urban heat islands largely explained by climate and population","volume":"573","author":"Manoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2007.05.009","article-title":"The economics of climate change and the change of climate in economics","volume":"35","author":"Marechal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Energ Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2006.10.022","article-title":"The coasts of our world: Ecological, economic and social importance","volume":"63","author":"Martinez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"issue":"5686","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098704","article-title":"More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century","volume":"305","author":"Meehl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3322","article-title":"Global risk of deadly heat","volume":"7","author":"Mora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0315-6","article-title":"Broad threat to humanity from cumulative climate hazards intensified by greenhouse gas emissions","volume":"8","author":"Mora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064030","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac6dfa","article-title":"Future population exposure to Australian heatwaves","volume":"17","author":"Nishant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-013-0905-2","article-title":"A new scenario framework for climate change research: the concept of shared socioeconomic pathways","volume":"122","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clim. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-9-3461-2016","article-title":"The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) for CMIP6","volume":"9","author":"O'Neill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-11-1633-2007","article-title":"Updated world map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification","volume":"11","author":"Peel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4500","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-12-00383.1","article-title":"On the Measurement of Heat Waves","volume":"26","author":"Perkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1525\/bio.2009.59.6.7","article-title":"Global Population Dynamics and Hot Spots of Response to Climate Change","volume":"59","author":"Post","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-007-9102-z","article-title":"A critical look at representations of urban areas in global maps","volume":"69","author":"Potere","year":"2007","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2022.106165","article-title":"More than six billion people encountering more exposure to extremes with 1.5 degrees C and 2.0 degrees C warming","volume":"273","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0275","unstructured":"Rothfusz, L.P., 1990. The heat index \u201cequation\u201d (or, more than you ever wanted to know about heat index). NWS Southern Region Technical Attachment 1990; SR 90-23. Available online at: https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/media\/ffc\/ta_htindx.PDF."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124003","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/12\/124003","article-title":"Top ten European heatwaves since 1950 and their occurrence in the coming decades","volume":"10","author":"Russo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07536-7","article-title":"Humid heat waves at different warming levels","volume":"7","author":"Russo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08070-4","article-title":"Half a degree and rapid socioeconomic development matter for heatwave risk","volume":"10","author":"Russo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16083","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211658109","article-title":"Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools","volume":"109","author":"Seto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaq0390","article-title":"City-level climate change mitigation in China","volume":"4","author":"Shan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0305","first-page":"584","article-title":"A global analysis of human settlement in coastal zones","volume":"19","author":"Small","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Coastal Res."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-012-0659-2","article-title":"Heat waves in the United States: definitions, patterns and trends","volume":"118","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clim. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1979)018<0861:TAOSPI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The assessment of sultriness. Part I: a temperature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science","volume":"18","author":"Steadman","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1993)050<2107:FSINS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Factor separation in numerical simulations","volume":"50","author":"Stein","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.98.2.1","article-title":"The economics of climate change","volume":"98","author":"Stern","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0330","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Projected Heat Stress Under 1.5 degrees C and 2 degrees C Global Warming Scenarios Creates Unprecedented Discomfort for Humans in West Africa. Earth","volume":"6","author":"Sylla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2024792118","article-title":"Global urban population exposure to extreme heat","volume":"118","author":"Tuholske","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0340","article-title":"Future Population Exposure to Daytime and Nighttime Heat Waves in South Asia. Earth","volume":"10","author":"Ullah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0345","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 2019. World urbanization prospects: The 2018 revision (ST\/ESA\/SER.A\/420). New York: United Nations."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0350","unstructured":"United Nations Environment Programme, Beat the Heat: Beat the Heat: A Sustainable Cooling Handbook for Cities 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_bib408","series-title":"Population Division 2018. The World\u2019s Cities in 2018 (Data Booklet No. ST\/ESA\/SER.A\/417)","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0355","series-title":"World Cities Report 2016: Urbanization and Development \u2013 Emerging Futures","author":"United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2015.10.018","article-title":"The changing climate of climate change economics","volume":"121","author":"Vale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2018.1411571","article-title":"Climate and Creativity: Cold and Heat Trigger Invention and Innovation in Richer Populations","volume":"30","author":"Van de Vliert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Creat. Res. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0370","article-title":"Anthropogenically-driven increases in the risks of summertime compound hot extremes","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164142","article-title":"Future population exposure to heatwaves in 83 global megacities","volume":"888","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"10269","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32290-X","article-title":"The 2020 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises","volume":"397","author":"Watts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2257","article-title":"Exceedance of heat index thresholds for 15 regions under a warming climate using the wet-bulb globe temperature","volume":"32","author":"Willett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1029\/2018EF000943","article-title":"Reframing Future Risks of Extreme Heat in the United States","volume":"6","author":"Wobus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Earth Future"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8997","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL074889","article-title":"Heat stress increase under climate change twice as large in cities as in rural areas: A study for a densely populated midlatitude maritime region","volume":"44","author":"Wouters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0400","first-page":"28","article-title":"Climate change risk and methodology for its quantitative assessment","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Progr. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.008","article-title":"Global assessment of heat wave magnitudes from 1901 to 2010 and implications for the river discharge of the Alps","volume":"571","author":"Zampieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412023003227?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412023003227?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T18:26:04Z","timestamp":1715365564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412023003227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S0160412023003227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Global future population exposure to heatwaves","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108049","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108049"}}