{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:15:59Z","timestamp":1792682159852,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES033054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES033054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES027224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES027224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES020349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES020349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES028277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES028277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 ES011261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 ES011261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES014575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES014575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EPA P01 R829389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPA P01 R829389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-81825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-81825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES014575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES014575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES027224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES027224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES033054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES033054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES028277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES028277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 ES011261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 ES011261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES020349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES020349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T16:28:43Z","timestamp":1738168123000},"page":"109298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Jagadeesh","family":"Puvvula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"McCandless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changchun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Vuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef","family":"Oulhote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique F.","family":"Schisterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell T.","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Booij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryse F.","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Linn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Borghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean R.","family":"Seguin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Zidek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Till","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Yolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim M.","family":"Cecil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Ashley-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tye E.","family":"Arbuckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Lanphear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7748","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-00857-9","article-title":"Scientists rise up against statistical significance","volume":"567","author":"Amrhein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.09.010","article-title":"Placental transport of parabens studied using an ex-vivo human perfusion model","volume":"115","author":"Andersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12061","article-title":"Cohort profile: the maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals research platform","volume":"27","author":"Arbuckle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.02.010","article-title":"Phthalate and bisphenol A exposure among pregnant women in Canada \u2014 Results from the MIREC study","volume":"68","author":"Arbuckle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.08.023","article-title":"Maternal and fetal exposure to cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury: The MIREC study","volume":"163","author":"Arbuckle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer, J.A., Devick, K.L., Bobb, J.F., et al., 2020. Associations of a metal mixture measured in multiple biomarkers with IQ: evidence from Italian adolescents living near ferroalloy industry. Environ. Health Perspect. Sep;128(9):97002. 097002. 10.1289\/ehp6803.","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP6803"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5491\/SHAW.2013.4.1.1","article-title":"Prenatal exposures to environmental chemicals and children\u2019s neurodevelopment: an update","volume":"4","author":"Bellinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saf. Health at Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0040","unstructured":"Bobb, J.F., 2023. Bayesian Kernal Machine Regression. Version 0.2.2. CRAN; 2022. Accessed Feb 20. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/bkmr\/bkmr.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxu058","article-title":"Bayesian kernel machine regression for estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant mixtures","volume":"16","author":"Bobb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bornehag, C.G., Engdahl, E., Unenge Hallerb\u00e4ck, M., et al., 2021. Prenatal exposure to bisphenols and cognitive function in children at 7 years of age in the Swedish SELMA study. Article. Environ. Int. May;150:106433. 106433. 10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106433.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106433"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.2307\/1129555","article-title":"The relation of home environment, cognitive competence, and IQ among males and females","volume":"51","author":"Bradley","year":"1980","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0060","first-page":"24","article-title":"Cohort profile: the health outcomes and measures of the environment (HOME) study","volume":"46","author":"Braun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2017.07.027","article-title":"Prenatal environmental chemical exposures and longitudinal patterns of child neurobehavior","volume":"62","author":"Braun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Br\u00e4uner, E.V., Uldbjerg, C.S., Lim, Y.-H., et al., 2022. Presence of parabens, phenols and phthalates in paired maternal serum, urine and amniotic fluid. Environ. Int. 2022\/01\/01\/, 158:106987. 10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106987.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106987"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500322","article-title":"Measurement of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in human urine using lyophilization with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution quantification","volume":"14","author":"Bravo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Expo Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108490","article-title":"Association of exposure to mixture of chemicals during pregnancy with cognitive abilities and fine motor function of children","volume":"185","author":"Brennan Kearns","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a6","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206182","article-title":"Unraveling the health effects of environmental mixtures: an NIEHS priority","volume":"121","author":"Carlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, A., Yolton, K., Rauch, S.A., et al., 2014. Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether exposures and neurodevelopment in U.S. children through 5 years of age: the HOME study. Environ Health Perspect. Aug; 122(8):856-62. 10.1289\/ehp.1307562.","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307562"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2001.4380","article-title":"Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in pregnant women: the association between self-report and serum cotinine","volume":"90","author":"DeLorenze","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.10.043","article-title":"Prenatal, concurrent, and sex-specific associations between blood lead concentrations and IQ in preschool Canadian children","volume":"121","author":"Desrochers-Couture","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP12118","article-title":"Invited perspective: challenges and opportunities for missing data in the context of environmental mixture methods","volume":"130","author":"Eick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205597","article-title":"In utero and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures and neurodevelopment in the CHAMACOS study","volume":"121","author":"Eskenazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.11.008","article-title":"Arsenic levels among pregnant women and newborns in Canada: results from the maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals (MIREC) cohort","volume":"153","author":"Ettinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher, M., Arbuckle, T.E., Liang, C.L., et al., 2016. Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in maternal and cord blood from the maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals (MIREC) cohort study. Environ. Health. 2016\/05\/04, 15(1):59. 10.1186\/s12940-016-0143-y.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-016-0143-y"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher, M., Arbuckle, T.E., Liang, C.L., et al., 2016. Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in maternal and cord blood from the maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals (MIREC) cohort study. Environ. Health. May 4; 15(1):59. 10.1186\/s12940-016-0143-y.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-016-0143-y"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.13013","article-title":"Cohort profile update: The Canadian Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Child Development study (MIREC-CD PLUS)","volume":"37","author":"Fisher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013203451","article-title":"Greedy function approximation: A gradient boosting machine","volume":"29","author":"Friedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0145","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to legacy PFAS and neurodevelopment in preschool-aged Canadian children: The MIREC cohort","volume":"98","author":"Goodman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Article. Neurotoxicol Teratol. Jul-Aug"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gore, A.C., 2010. Neuroendocrine targets of endocrine disruptors. Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Jan-Mar;9(1):16-27. 10.14310\/horm.2002.1249.","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1249"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70278-3","article-title":"Neurobehavioural effects of developmental toxicity","volume":"13","author":"Grandjean","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105692","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to mixture of heavy metals, pesticides and phenols and IQ in children at 7 years of age: The SMBCS study","volume":"139","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Int."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7212","article-title":"Temporal variability of urinary phthalate metabolite levels in men of reproductive age","volume":"112","author":"Hauser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0170","unstructured":"Hubbard R. Philosophical Orientation\u2014Significant Sameness. Corrupt Research: The Case for Reconceptualizing Empirical Management and Social Science. SAGE Publications, Inc; 2016:chap 3. https:\/\/methods.sagepub.com\/book\/corrupt-research."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0175","unstructured":"Hubbard R. The Importance of Replication Research\u2014Significant Sameness. Corrupt Research: The Case for Reconceptualizing Empirical Management and Social Science. SAGE Publications, Inc; 2016:chap 4. https:\/\/methods.sagepub.com\/book\/corrupt-research."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, B.P., 2015. Fast ion chromatography-ICP-QQQ for arsenic speciation. 10.1039\/C5JA00049A. J. Anal. Atomic Spectrometry Jun 1; 30(6):1405-1407. 10.1039\/C5JA00049A.","DOI":"10.1039\/C5JA00049A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson-Browne, M.S., Papandonatos, G.D., Chen, A., et al., 2018. Identifying vulnerable periods of neurotoxicity to triclosan exposure in children. Environ Health Perspect. May 2; 126(5):057001. 10.1289\/ehp2777.","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2777"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2016.09.060","article-title":"Analysis of whole human blood for Pb, Cd, Hg, Se, and Mn by ICP-DRC-MS for biomonitoring and acute exposures","volume":"162","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17007","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP3024","article-title":"Organophosphate pesticide metabolite concentrations in urine during pregnancy and offspring nonverbal IQ at age 6 years","volume":"127","author":"Jusko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalloo, G., Wellenius, G.A., McCandless, L., et al., 2021. Chemical mixture exposures during pregnancy and cognitive abilities in school-aged children. Environ. Res. 2021\/06\/01\/, 197:111027. 10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111027.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111027"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111027","article-title":"Chemical mixture exposures during pregnancy and cognitive abilities in school-aged children","volume":"197","author":"Kalloo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.10.051","article-title":"Improved selectivity for the analysis of maternal serum and cord serum for polyfluoroalkyl chemicals","volume":"1218","author":"Kato","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5838","article-title":"A quantile-based g-computation approach to addressing the effects of exposure mixtures","volume":"128","author":"Keil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keil, A., 2022. Quantile G-Computation Extensions for Effect Measure Modification. Version 0.7. CRAN, https:\/\/github.com\/alexpkeil1\/qgcomp\/.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.qgcompint"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0225","unstructured":"Keil, A., 2023. qgcomp: Quantile G-Computation. Version 2.10.1. CRAN; 2022. Accessed Feb 15. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/qgcomp\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lam, J., Lanphear, B.P., Bellinger, D., et al., 2017. Developmental PBDE exposure and IQ\/ADHD in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ. Health Perspect. Aug; 125(8):086001. 086001. 10.1289\/ehp1632.","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1632"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanphear, B.P., 2015. The impact of toxins on the developing brain. In: Fielding JE, ed. Annual Review of Public Health, Vol 36. 211-230. Annual Review of Public Health.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031912-114413"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx261","article-title":"The harm done to reproducibility by the culture of null hypothesis significance testing","volume":"186","author":"Lash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"106798","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0245","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal exposures to four metals mixture and IQ in 6-year-old children: A prospective cohort study in South Korea","volume":"157","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0250","article-title":"Exposure levels of environmental endocrine disruptors in mother-newborn pairs in China and their placental transfer characteristics","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7199","article-title":"Epidemiologic evaluation of measurement data in the presence of detection limits","volume":"112","author":"Lubin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"5\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2011.578557","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of endocrine disruptors: possible involvement in brain development and neurodegeneration","volume":"14","author":"Masuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health-Part B-Crit. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.01.025","article-title":"Fetal exposure to environmental chemicals; insights from placental perfusion studies","volume":"106","author":"Mathiesen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2018.1527253","article-title":"Abandon Statistical Significance","volume":"73","author":"McShane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0275","unstructured":"Mersmann, O., Trautmann, H., Steuer, D., Bornkamp, B., 2023. Truncated Normal Distribution. Version 1.0-9. 2023. Accessed Feb 08. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/truncnorm\/truncnorm.pdf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-015-0064-x","article-title":"Cumulative chemical exposures during pregnancy and early development","volume":"2","author":"Mitro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12464","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03492","article-title":"Environmental chemicals in an urban population of pregnant women and their newborns from San Francisco","volume":"50","author":"Morello-Frosch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Tech.2016\/11\/15"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakiwala, D., Peyre, H., Heude, B., et al., 2018. In-utero exposure to phenols and phthalates and the intelligence quotient of boys at 5 years. Article. Environ. Health. Feb;17(1):11. 17. 10.1186\/s12940-018-0359-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0359-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0295","unstructured":"NASEM. Reproducibility. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. The National Academies Press; 2019:55-70:chap 4."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021119-034555","article-title":"Gestational exposure to common endocrine disrupting chemicals and their impact on neurodevelopment and behavior","volume":"82","author":"Nesan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0584-8547(99)00057-9","article-title":"The determination of mercury in whole blood and urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","volume":"54","author":"Nixon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta B At. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nkinsa, P.N., Muckle, G., Ayotte, P., et al., 2020. Organophosphate pesticides exposure during fetal development and IQ scores in 3 and 4-year old Canadian children. Article. Environ. Res. Nov; 190:7. 110023. 10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1509693","article-title":"Environmental Chemicals in urine and blood: improving methods for creatinine and lipid adjustment","volume":"124","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Packull-McCormick, S., Ashley-Martin, J., Singh, K., et al., 2023. Prenatal and concurrent blood mercury concentrations and associations with IQ in canadian preschool children. Article. Environ. Res. Sep; 233:10. 116463. 10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116463.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116463"},{"issue":"5\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2011.578556","article-title":"Early developmental actions of endocrine disruptors on the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex","volume":"14","author":"Parent","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.06.008","article-title":"Influence of endocrine active compounds on the developing rodent brain","volume":"57","author":"Patisaul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0335","first-page":"299","article-title":"Determination of specific polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in blood and adipose tissue by isotope dilution-high-resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"108","author":"Patterson","year":"1991","journal-title":"IARC Sci. Publ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2021.09.005","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to a mixture of organophosphate esters and intelligence among 8-year-old children of the HOME Study","volume":"87","author":"Percy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01055015","article-title":"Chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in human serum: effects of fasting and feeding","volume":"18","author":"Phillips","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. Jul-Aug"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163350","article-title":"Endocrine disrupting compounds in the baby's world - A harmful environment to the health of babies","volume":"881","author":"P\u0142otka-Wasylka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0355","unstructured":"Polley, E., LeDell, E., Kennedy, C., et al., 2023. SuperLearner: Super Learner Prediction. Version 2.0-28.1. CRAN. https:\/\/github.com\/ecpolley\/SuperLearner."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200105000-00005","article-title":"Low P-values or narrow confidence intervals: which are more durable?","volume":"12","author":"Poole","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quiros-Alcala, L., Barr, D.B., 2023. Invited perspective: mixtures\u2014are they worth the risk (assessment)?. Environ. Health Perspect. Apr;131(4):041301. 10.1289\/EHP12596.","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP12596"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2020.02.004","article-title":"Review of the environmental prenatal exposome and its relationship to maternal and fetal health","volume":"98","author":"Rager","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111890","article-title":"Role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in children's neurodevelopment","volume":"203","author":"Ram\u00edrez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003160","article-title":"Seven-year neurodevelopmental scores and prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos, a common agricultural pesticide","volume":"119","author":"Rauh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.08.021","article-title":"Assessment of sex specific endocrine disrupting effects in the prenatal and pre-pubertal rodent brain","volume":"160","author":"Rebuli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.10.017","article-title":"Mixtures research at NIEHS: an evolving program","volume":"313","author":"Rider","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1734","article-title":"Elucidating the links between endocrine disruptors and neurodevelopment","volume":"156","author":"Schug","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2007.10.023","article-title":"Quantification of 22 phthalate metabolites in human urine","volume":"860","author":"Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1021\/ac030381+","article-title":"Semiautomated high-throughput extraction and cleanup method for the measurement of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polybrominated biphenyls, and polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum","volume":"76","author":"Sj\u00f6din","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanner, E.M., Hallerback, M.U., Wikstrom, S., et al., 2020. Early prenatal exposure to suspected endocrine disruptor mixtures is associated with lower IQ at age seven. Article. Environ. Int. 2020;134:11. 105185. 10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105185.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105185"},{"issue":"105185","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0415","article-title":"Early prenatal exposure to suspected endocrine disruptor mixtures is associated with lower IQ at age seven","volume":"134","author":"Tanner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thilakaratne, R., Lin, P.-I.D., Rifas-Shiman, S.L., et al., Mixtures of metals and micronutrients in early pregnancy and cognition in early and mid-childhood: findings from the project viva cohort. Environ. Health Perspect. Aug; 131(8):087008. 10.1289\/EHP12016.","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP12016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1050","article-title":"Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses","volume":"33","author":"Vandenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.05.001","article-title":"Environmental pollutants and child health\u2014A review of recent concerns","volume":"219","author":"Vrijheid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wasserstein, R., Schirm, A., Lazar, N., 2016. The ASA's statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose. Editorial. American Statistician. May; 70(2):129-133. 10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108.","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werler, M.M., 2011. Birth defects. In: Louis GMB, Platt RW, eds. Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology. Oxford, 186-203:chap 10.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195387902.003.0049"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2008.05.068","article-title":"Automated on-line column-switching HPLC-MS\/MS method with peak focusing for measuring parabens, triclosan, and other environmental phenols in human milk","volume":"622","author":"Ye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001554","article-title":"Using latent profile analysis to identify associations between gestational chemical mixtures and child neurodevelopment","volume":"34","author":"Yonkman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412025000492?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412025000492?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:51:25Z","timestamp":1777492285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412025000492"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S0160412025000492"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohorts","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109298","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109298"}}