{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:15:24Z","timestamp":1790752524158,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022963","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T08:09:43Z","timestamp":1744618183000},"page":"109464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Survival characteristics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolated from sludge compost under heat and drying stress: Implications for pathogen inactivation during composting"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Bingni","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaofeng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03104-0","article-title":"The bactericidal efficacy of femtosecond laser-based therapy on the most common infectious bacterial pathogens in chronic wounds: an in vitro study","volume":"36","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5209","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.11.5209-5216.2002","article-title":"Multiparametric flow cytometry and cell sorting for the assessment of viable, injured, and dead bifidobacterium cells during bile salt stress","volume":"68","author":"Amor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2003.11.008","article-title":"Assessment of high pressure induced damage on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by flow cytometry","volume":"21","author":"Ananta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0020","article-title":"Defining bacterial heterogeneity and dormancy with the parallel use of single-cell and population level approaches","volume":"44","author":"Arvaniti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.03.009","article-title":"Efficacy of 4 irrigation protocols in killing bacteria colonized in dentinal tubules examined by a novel confocal laser scanning microscope analysis","volume":"42","author":"Azim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.07.017","article-title":"Rapid, cultivation-independent assessment of microbial viability in drinking water","volume":"42","author":"Berney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(01)01279-7","article-title":"Life and death of dried prokaryotes","volume":"153","author":"Billi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2005.12.019","article-title":"Effect of condensate of food waste (CFW) on nutrient removal and behaviours of intercellular materials in a vertical submerged membrane bioreactor (VSMBR)","volume":"98","author":"Chae","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-20-402","article-title":"Induction of a viable but nonculturable state, thermal and sanitizer tolerance, and gene expression correlation with desiccation-adapted biofilm and planktonic salmonella in powdered infant formula","volume":"84","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0050","unstructured":"CLSI, 2020. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 30th information supplement M100-S30. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, https:\/\/community.clsi.org\/media\/3481\/m100ed30_sample.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.02.025","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. isolated in inflow, effluent and sludge from municipal sewage water treatment plants","volume":"40","author":"Costa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-024-04080-5","article-title":"Studying the viability and growth kinetics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis V583 following femtosecond laser irradiation (420-465 nm)","volume":"39","author":"El-Gendy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12213757","article-title":"The Antimicrobial Effect of Gold Quantum Dots and Femtosecond Laser Irradiation on the Growth Kinetics of Common Infectious Eye Pathogens: An In Vitro Study","volume":"12","author":"El-Gendy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/clen.201800042","article-title":"Proportion of sewage sludge to soil influences the survival of Salmonella Dublin and Escherichia coli","volume":"46","author":"Ellis","year":"2018","journal-title":"CLEAN - Soil Air Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/1065657X.2009.10702428","article-title":"Pathogen inactivation in cow manure compost","volume":"17","author":"Erickson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Compost Sci. Util."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00008-19","article-title":"Adaptation to adversity: The intermingling of stress tolerance and pathogenesis in enterococci","volume":"83","author":"Gaca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaj2191","article-title":"Antibiotic tolerance facilitates the evolution of resistance","volume":"335","author":"Levin-Reisman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4565(99)00012-1","article-title":"Parallel study of thermal resistance and permeability barrier stability of Enterococcus faecalis as affected by salt composition, growth temperature and pre-incubation temperature","volume":"24","author":"Ivanov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Thermal Biology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.214","article-title":"Inactivation of enteric indicator bacteria and system stability during dry co-digestion of food waste and pig manure","volume":"612","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1000664013047","article-title":"Viability and activity in readily culturable bacteria: a review and discussion of the practical issues","volume":"73","author":"Kell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2009.11.008","article-title":"Sub-lethal stress effects on virulence gene expression in Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"27","author":"Lenz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2020.1862550","article-title":"Human and livestock pathogens and their control during composting","volume":"52","author":"Lepesteur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-021-1504-5","article-title":"Inactivation and risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in municipal sludge treatment: A review","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S., Tang, J., Tadapaneni, R.K., Yang, R., Zhu, M.-J., 2018. Exponentially increased thermal resistance of Salmonella spp. and Enterococcus faecium at reduced water activity. Appl Environ Microbiol. 84, e02742-02717. doi: 10.1128\/AEM.02742-17.","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02742-17"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0723-2020(98)80041-6","article-title":"Nonculturable Enterococcus faecalis cells are metabolically active and capable of resuming active growth","volume":"21","author":"Lleo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lleo\u00c1, M.M., Ta, B.B., M.C., Signoretto, C., Boaretti, M., Canepari, P., 2001. Resuscitation rate in different enterococcal species in the viable but non-culturable state. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 91, 1095-1102. doi: 10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01476.x.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01476.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-019-01772-3","article-title":"The clpX gene plays an important role in bacterial attachment, stress tolerance, and virulence in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris","volume":"202","author":"Lo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2317915","article-title":"ESKAPE in China: epidemiology and characteristics of antibiotic resistance","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerging Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2023.08.006","article-title":"What is microbial dormancy?","volume":"32","author":"McDonald","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79443-3","article-title":"Improving sewage sludge compost process and quality by carbon sources addition","volume":"11","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-023-00031-x","article-title":"Temperature matters: Bacterial response to temperature change","volume":"61","author":"Moon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2911(03)47002-1","article-title":"Adoption of the transiently non-culturable state \u2014 a bacterial survival strategy?","volume":"47","author":"Mukamolova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Microb. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.10.022","article-title":"ATP-Dependent dynamic protein aggregation regulates bacterial dormancy depth critical for antibiotic tolerance","volume":"73","author":"Pu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.3.703-707.1997","article-title":"Multiplex PCR detection of vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2\/3 genes in enterococci","volume":"35","author":"Patel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sossou, S.K., Sou\/Dakoure, M., Hijikata, N., Quenum, A., Maiga, A.H., Funamizu, N., 2014. Removal and Deactivation of Intestinal Parasites in Aerobic Mesophilic Composting Reactor for Urine Diverting Composting Toilet. Compost Science & Utilization. 22, 242-252. doi: 10.1080\/1065657x.2014.938873.","DOI":"10.1080\/1065657X.2014.938873"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3819","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of vancomycin resistance","volume":"29","author":"Stogios","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3989\/arbor.2020.795n1005","article-title":"La implicaci\u00f3n de las frutas y hortalizas en las toxiinfecciones alimentarias y la relevancia del estado fisiol\u00f3gico de las bacterias","volume":"196","author":"Truchado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arbor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2018.06.013","article-title":"Quantifying permeabilization and activity recovery of Bacillus spores in adverse conditions for growth","volume":"81","author":"Trunet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0195","unstructured":"USEPA, 2003. Control of pathogens and vector attraction in sewage sludge. 33. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2015-04\/documents\/control_of_pathogens_and_vector_attraction_in_sewage_sludge_july_2003.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.09.016","article-title":"Evaluation of the enterococci indicator in biosolids using culture-based and quantitative PCR assays","volume":"43","author":"Viau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009194","article-title":"Bacterial dormancy: A subpopulation of viable but non-culturable cells demonstrates better fitness for revival","volume":"17","author":"Wagley","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9955","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c02377","article-title":"Neglected drivers of antibiotic resistance: Survival of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing pathogenic Escherichia coli from livestock waste through dormancy and release of transformable extracellular antibiotic resistance genes under heat treatment","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1139\/S07-011","article-title":"A review of the effectiveness of current time\u2013temperature regulations on pathogen inactivation during composting","volume":"6","author":"Wichuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.04.002","article-title":"Current state of sludge production, management, treatment and disposal in China","volume":"78","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2024.04.048","article-title":"The risk of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) enterococci and antibiotic resistance transmission during simulated municipal sludge composting","volume":"183","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119312","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) enters dormant state during heat treatment: A potential hazard in municipal sludge","volume":"305","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464_b0235","first-page":"10","article-title":"Transformation characteristics of carbon and nitrogen in sludge-kitchen earthworm compost based on land use","volume":"42","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Eng."}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412025002156?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412025002156?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:47:43Z","timestamp":1777956463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412025002156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0160412025002156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Survival characteristics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolated from sludge compost under heat and drying stress: Implications for pathogen inactivation during composting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109464","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109464"}}