{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:31:57Z","timestamp":1791408717351,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T13:58:02Z","timestamp":1454335082000},"page":"121-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Valuing the human health damage caused by the fraud of Volkswagen"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Rik","family":"Oldenkamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalie","family":"van Zelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.J.","family":"Huijbregts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib1","series-title":"160.000 Nederlandse auto's Volkswagenconcern teruggeroepen vanwege emissieschandaal (2015-09-29)","author":"Back","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114005","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/11\/114005","article-title":"Impact of the Volkswagen emissions control defeat device on US public health","volume":"10","author":"Barrett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib3","series-title":"Volkswagen Emissions Scandal Affects 46 Thousand Cars in Slovakia (2015-10-05)","author":"Bot\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib4","series-title":"Notice of Violation (2015-09-18)","author":"Brooks","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.5094\/APR.2013.031","article-title":"Impact of the dropping activity with vehicle age on air pollutant emissions","volume":"4","author":"Caserini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib6","series-title":"Worldwide Emission Standards - Passenger Cars and Light Duty Vehicles","author":"Delphi","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib7","series-title":"VW Cuts its R.&D. Budget in Face of Costly Emissions Scandal (2015-11-20)","author":"Ewing","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib8","series-title":"Volkswagen Sold 393,648 Vehicles with 'Cheat' Software in Belgium \u2013 Importer (2015-09-29)","author":"Fioretti","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib9","series-title":"Nearly 650,000 Volkswagen Vehicles in Italy Affected by Software (2015-10-01)","author":"Flak","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib10","series-title":"Almost 129,000 VW Cars in Switzerland Affected by Diesel Scandal \u2013 Distributor (2015-09-28)","author":"Franklin","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1021\/es990733n","article-title":"Valuing mortality risk:\u2009 theory and practice","volume":"34","author":"Hammitt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-015-0690-y","article-title":"Quantifying the health impacts of ambient air pollutants: recommendations of a WHO\/Europe project","volume":"60","author":"H\u00e9roux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib13","article-title":"Damages and expected deaths due to excess NOx emissions from 2009-2015 Volkswagen diesel vehicles","author":"Holland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib14","series-title":"Romania to Recall Volkswagen Cars and Review Emissions Taxes (2015-10-01)","author":"Ilie","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib15","series-title":"Norway Importer Says 147,000 VW Cars May Need Refitting (2015-09-30)","author":"Jacobson","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib16","series-title":"VW Faces French Inquiry for 'Aggravated Deception' in Emissions Scandal (2015-10-02)","author":"Labb\u00e9","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15371","article-title":"The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale","volume":"525","author":"Lelieveld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib18","series-title":"5,087 VW Cars with Data-falsifying Software Identified in Latvia (2015-10-01)","author":"LETA","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib19","series-title":"Czech Skoda Auto Expects to Find Fix for Diesel Engines by End-Oct - Minister (2015-09-30)","author":"Lopatka","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib20","series-title":"Vehicle Survivability and Travel Mileage Schedules","author":"Lu","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib21","series-title":"43,000 Cars in Luxembourg Affected by VW Scam","author":"Luxemburger Wort","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib22","series-title":"VW's 'Serious' Failure Triggers Review at Skandia Fonder (2015-10-05)","author":"Magnusson","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib23","series-title":"Berlin Says 2.8 mln Vehicles in Germany Affected by VW Manipulations (2015-09-25)","author":"Martin","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib24","series-title":"Volkswagen Says 80,000 Irish Cars Affected in Emission Scandal (2015-10-01)","author":"McAleer","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib25","series-title":"Volkswagen of America Closes 2010 with Best Overall Year Sales Since 2003","author":"PR Newswire","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib26","series-title":"Volkswagen Reports 26.3 Percent Increase in 2011 US Sales","author":"PR Newswire","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.9.1132","article-title":"Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution","volume":"287","author":"Pope","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s10666-012-9317-3","article-title":"Environmental modeling and methods for estimation of the global health impacts of air pollution","volume":"17","author":"Rao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12366","article-title":"Research synthesis and the value per statistical life","volume":"35","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib30","series-title":"VW Emissions Scandal: 1.2m UK Cars Affected (2015-09-30)","author":"Ruddick","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib31","series-title":"Volkswagen cifra en 683.626 los coches afectados en Espa\u00f1a (2015-10-01)","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib32","series-title":"Poland Says 140,000 Cars Affected by VW Scandal (2015-10-07)","author":"Szary","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib33","series-title":"Volkswagen: over 2,000 Vehicles Affected in Estonia (2015-10-01)","author":"Tambur","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development of human health damage factors for PM2.5 based on a global chemical transport model","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Cycle Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib35","series-title":"91,000 Cars in Denmark Potentially Affected by VW Scandal (2015-09-28)","author":"Tange","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib36","series-title":"The Latest: Nordic Nations Ponder Action against VW (2015-09-30)","author":"The Associated Press","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib37","series-title":"In-use Emissions Testing of Light-duty Diesel Vehicles in the United States","author":"Thompson","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib38","series-title":"Now Paris Prosecutors Launching Investigation into Fraud by Volkswagen over Emissions Cheating Scam (2015-10-02)","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib39","series-title":"500,000 Volkswagens and 400,000 Audis in UK Are Affected by Emissions Cheating Scandal, Reveals German Carmaker (2015-09-30)","author":"Tonkin","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib40","series-title":"EPA, California Notify Volkswagen of Additional Clean Air Act Violations (2015-11-02)","author":"US EPA","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib41","series-title":"EPA, California Notify Volkswagen of Clean Air Act Violations\/Carmaker Allegedly Used Software that Circumvents Emissions Testing for Certain Air Pollutants (2015-09-18)","author":"US EPA","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib42","series-title":"Light-duty Vehicle, Light-duty Truck, and Medium-duty Passenger Vehicle \u2013 Tier 2 Exhaust Emission Standards","author":"US EPA","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib43","series-title":"Driving Ideas","author":"Volkswagen AG","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib44","series-title":"Experience D[r]iversity","author":"Volkswagen AG","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib45","series-title":"Experience D[r]iversity","author":"Volkswagen AG","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib46","series-title":"Experience D[r]iversity","author":"Volkswagen AG","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib47","series-title":"Moving Ideas","author":"Volkswagen AG","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib48","series-title":"Dissemination of an Ad Hoc Announcement According to \u00a7 15 WpHG (2015-09-22)","author":"Volkswagen AG","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib49","series-title":"Facts and Figures\u00a0\u2013 January to June 2015","author":"Volkswagen AG","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib50","series-title":"Moving Progress","author":"Volkswagen AG","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib51","series-title":"Statement of Prof. Dr. Martin Winterkorn, CEO of Volkswagen AG (2015-09-20)","author":"Volkswagen AG","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib52","series-title":"Volkswagen Reports 35.1 Percent Increase in 2012 U.S. Sales","author":"Volkswagen of America Inc.","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib53","series-title":"Volkswagen Reports December 2013 and Year-end Results","author":"Volkswagen of America Inc.","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib54","series-title":"Volkswagen of America Reports April 2015 Sales","author":"Volkswagen of America Inc.","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib55","series-title":"Volkswagen of America Reports August Sales","author":"Volkswagen of America Inc.","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib56","series-title":"Volkswagen of America Reports February 2015 Sales","author":"Volkswagen of America Inc.","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib57","series-title":"Volkswagen of America Reports January 2015 Sales","author":"Volkswagen of America Inc.","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib58","series-title":"Volkswagen of America Reports July 2015 Sales \u2013 Gain of 2.4 Percent over July 2014","author":"Volkswagen of America Inc.","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib59","series-title":"Volkswagen of America Reports June 2015 Sales \u2013 Gaining 5.6% over 2014","author":"Volkswagen of America Inc.","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib60","series-title":"Volkswagen of America Reports March 2015 Sales","author":"Volkswagen of America Inc.","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib61","series-title":"Volkswagen of America Reports May 2015 Sales \u2013 up 8% over 2014","author":"Volkswagen of America Inc.","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053_bib62","series-title":"Volkswagen Reports December 2014 Sales and 2014 Year-end Results","author":"Volkswagen of America Inc.","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749116300537?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749116300537?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T18:55:06Z","timestamp":1572548106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749116300537"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0269749116300537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Valuing the human health damage caused by the fraud of Volkswagen","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.053","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}