{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:40:58Z","timestamp":1773776458305,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005762","name":"National Taiwan University Medical Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NTUH-REC No. 201002051R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTUH-REC No. 201002051R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 104-2321-B-002-057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 104-2321-B-002-057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 104-2621-M-002-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 104-2621-M-002-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005762","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NTUH 102-N2273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTUH 102-N2273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHRI-105-EMSP08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-105-EMSP08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,19]],"date-time":"2017-11-19T20:16:44Z","timestamp":1511122604000},"page":"953-961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Lifetime exposure to particulate air pollutants is negatively associated with lung function in non-asthmatic children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"236","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0105-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung-Chang","family":"Tsui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Hsien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Hsuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Che","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue Leon","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142565","article-title":"Long-term exposure to primary traffic pollutants and lung function in children: cross-sectional study and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Barone-Adesi","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.05.026","article-title":"Personal exposure to PM2.5 among high-school students in Milan and background measurements: the EuroLifeNet study","volume":"45","author":"Borgini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.11.048","article-title":"The short-term effects of air pollution on adolescent lung function in Taiwan","volume":"87","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107921","article-title":"Short-term effect of ozone on the pulmonary function of children in primary school","volume":"107","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e690","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1038","article-title":"Effects of ambient particulate matter and fungal spores on lung function in schoolchildren","volume":"127","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.11.021","article-title":"Effects of particulate air pollution and ozone on lung function in non-asthmatic children","volume":"137","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6042","article-title":"Chronic exposure to high levels of particulate air pollution and small airway remodeling","volume":"111","author":"Churg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a03","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib8","first-page":"483","article-title":"Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: immune and respiratory systems work group summary","volume":"108","author":"Dietert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib9","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Administration EY, R.O.C. (Taiwan). Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Network. Available from:: http:\/\/taqm.epa.gov.tw\/taqm\/en\/b0803.aspx."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2015.07.003","article-title":"Long-term air pollution exposure and lung function in 15 year-old adolescents living in an urban and rural area in Germany: the GINIplus and LISAplus cohorts","volume":"218","author":"Fuertes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.9909096","article-title":"Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children","volume":"162","author":"Gauderman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2111021","article-title":"Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children: results from a second cohort","volume":"166","author":"Gauderman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040610","article-title":"The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age","volume":"351","author":"Gauderman","year":"2004","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000181308.51440.75","article-title":"Childhood asthma and exposure to traffic and nitrogen dioxide","volume":"16","author":"Gauderman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60037-3","article-title":"Effect of exposure to traffic on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: a cohort study","volume":"369","author":"Gauderman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1306770","article-title":"Air pollution exposure and lung function in children: the ESCAPE project","volume":"121","author":"Gehring","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4845","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110504845","article-title":"A\u00a0GIS based approach for assessing the association between air pollution and asthma in New York State, USA","volume":"11","author":"Gorai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318181650f","article-title":"Long-term effects of ambient air pollution on lung function: a review","volume":"19","author":"Gotschi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.991071001","article-title":"Climate, traffic-related air pollutants, and asthma prevalence in middle-school children in taiwan","volume":"107","author":"Guo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1039\/c3em00112a","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of population air pollution exposure estimation techniques with personal exposure estimates in a pregnant cohort","volume":"15","author":"Hannam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib41","series-title":"Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Critical Review of the Literature on Emissions, Exposure, and Health Effects","author":"Health effects institute (HEI) Panel on the Health Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542133","article-title":"Committee of the environmental and occupational health assembly of the american thoracic society","volume":"153","author":"Health effects of outdoor air pollution","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.122","article-title":"Elemental characterization and source apportionment of PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the western coastal area of central Taiwan","volume":"541","author":"Hsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.01.009","article-title":"Relationship between exposure to fine particulates and ozone and reduced lung function in children","volume":"137","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0271-z","article-title":"Short-term air pollution exposure decreases lung function: a repeated measures study in healthy adults","volume":"16","author":"Int Panis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.09.051","article-title":"Long term effects of prenatal and postnatal airborne PAH exposures on ventilatory lung function of non-asthmatic preadolescent children. Prospective birth cohort study in Krakow","volume":"502","author":"Jedrychowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib53","series-title":"Using ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst: GIS by ESRI","first-page":"35","author":"Johnston","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.01.011","article-title":"Environmental factors and developmental outcomes in the lung","volume":"114","author":"Kajekar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.06.039","article-title":"Size, source and chemical composition as determinants of toxicity attributable to ambient particulate matter","volume":"60","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500446","article-title":"Associations between personal exposures and fixed-site ambient measurements of fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide in Toronto, Canada","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08215.x","article-title":"Environmental factors, parental atopy and atopic eczema in primary-school children: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan","volume":"157","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2011.05.004","article-title":"Effects of ambient air pollution on pulmonary function among schoolchildren","volume":"214","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200803-436OC","article-title":"Chronic exposure to ambient levels of urban particles affects mouse lung development","volume":"178","author":"Mauad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805","article-title":"Standardisation of spirometry","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205413","article-title":"Intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to outdoor air pollution and lung function at preschool age","volume":"70","author":"Morales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31816a9dcb","article-title":"Air pollution and pulmonary function in asthmatic children: effects of prenatal and lifetime exposures","volume":"19","author":"Mortimer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31816a1ce3","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and childhood respiratory symptoms, function and allergies","volume":"19","author":"Nordling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31815c0827","article-title":"Residential outdoor air pollution and lung function in schoolchildren","volume":"19","author":"Oftedal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib39","series-title":"WHO's Ambient Air Pollution Database\u2013Update 2016 [Internet]","author":"Organization WH","year":"2016"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a03","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib40","first-page":"457","article-title":"The mammalian respiratory system and critical windows of exposure for children's health","volume":"108","author":"Pinkerton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1414OC","article-title":"Short-term exposure to air pollution and lung function in the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"188","author":"Rice","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201506-1058OC","article-title":"Lifetime exposure to ambient pollution and lung function in children","volume":"193","author":"Rice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090143","article-title":"The association of ambient air pollution and physical inactivity in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1678OC","article-title":"Lung function growth in children with long-term exposure to air pollutants in Mexico City","volume":"176","author":"Rojas-Martinez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1045OC","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and lung function in children at 8 years of age: a birth cohort study","volume":"186","author":"Schultz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-0928OC","article-title":"Early-life exposure to traffic-related air pollution and lung function in adolescence","volume":"193","author":"Schultz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.3.656","article-title":"Pulmonary function is a long-term predictor of mortality in the general population: 29-year follow-up of the buffalo health study","volume":"118","author":"Schunemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.6.1952","article-title":"The relationship between reduced lung function and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based study and a systematic review of the literature","volume":"127","author":"Sin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2010.08.003","article-title":"Individual exposure to air pollution and lung function in Korea: spatial analysis using multiple exposure approaches","volume":"110","author":"Son","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2008.06.0020","article-title":"Modeling and analysis of source contribution of PM10 during severe pollution events in Southern Taiwan","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500338","article-title":"Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for the estimation of air quality data","volume":"14","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749117322121?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749117322121?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T08:44:27Z","timestamp":1565340267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749117322121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0269749117322121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lifetime exposure to particulate air pollutants is negatively associated with lung function in non-asthmatic children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.092","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}