{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T11:57:48Z","timestamp":1778846268689,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21407158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21407158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2016YFC0202700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0202700"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDB05010300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB05010300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T12:49:23Z","timestamp":1509972563000},"page":"662-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"special_numbering":"C","title":["NO  promotion of SO2 conversion to sulfate: An important mechanism for the occurrence of heavy haze during winter in Beijing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Jinzhu","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biwu","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3065-799X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongchun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.02.062","article-title":"H2SO4 formation from the gas-phase reaction of stabilized Criegee Intermediates with SO2: influence of water vapour content and temperature","volume":"89","author":"Berndt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2009.05.006","article-title":"Visibility trends in six megacities in China 1973-2007","volume":"94","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-008-0059-8","article-title":"Haze trends over the capital cities of 31 provinces in China, 1981\u20132005","volume":"97","author":"Che","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14219","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-14219-2016","article-title":"Synergetic formation of secondary inorganic and organic aerosol: effect of SO2 and NH3 on particle formation and growth","volume":"16","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17373","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419604111","article-title":"Elucidating severe urban haze formation in China","volume":"111","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164857","article-title":"Brown clouds over south Asia: biomass or fossil fuel combustion?","volume":"323","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04172","article-title":"Mineral dust and NOx promote the conversion of SO2 to sulfate in heavy pollution days","volume":"4","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib8","first-page":"14,165","article-title":"Pathways of sulfate enhancement by natural and anthropogenic mineral aerosols in China","volume":"119","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Geophys Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib9","article-title":"Chemical characterization and synergetic source apportionment of PM2.5 at multiple sites in the Beijing\u2013Tianjin\u2013Hebei region, China","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.04.048","article-title":"The heaviest particulate air-pollution episodes occurred in northern China in January, 2013: insights gained from observation","volume":"92","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5727","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-5727-2007","article-title":"Introducing the concept of potential aerosol mass (PAM)","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.08.010","article-title":"Instantaneous nitric oxide effect on secondary organic aerosol formation from m-xylene photooxidation","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1039\/C1CP22217A","article-title":"Synergistic reaction between SO2 and NO2 on mineral oxides: a potential formation pathway of sulfate aerosol","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6630","DOI":"10.1021\/jp802025z","article-title":"Synergistic effect between NO2 and SO2 in their adsorption and reaction on \u03b3-alumina","volume":"112","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5159","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-5159-2007","article-title":"Effect of nox level on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photooxidation of terpenes","volume":"7","author":"Ng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12911","DOI":"10.1029\/JD094iD10p12911","article-title":"Mathematical modeling of acid deposition due to radiation fog","volume":"94","author":"Pandis","year":"1989","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Geophys Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7046","DOI":"10.1021\/es050400s","article-title":"Secondary organic aerosol production from terpene ozonolysis. 2. Effect of NOx concentration","volume":"39","author":"Presto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b05736","article-title":"pH of aerosols in a polluted atmosphere: source contributions to highly acidic aerosol","volume":"51","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27151","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27151","article-title":"Rapid formation and evolution of an extreme haze episode in northern China during winter 2015","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.023","article-title":"Size-resolved aerosol chemical analysis of extreme haze pollution events during early 2013 in urban beijing, China","volume":"279","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib34","series-title":"US EPA Environmental Protection Agency 40 CFR Parts 53 and 58 [EPA-HQeOAR-2004-0018; FRL-] RIN 2060-AJ25 (2007)","author":"USEPA","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.09.029","article-title":"The secondary formation of inorganic aerosols in the droplet mode through heterogeneous aqueous reactions under haze conditions","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-013-4773-4","article-title":"Mechanism for the formation of the January 2013 heavy haze pollution episode over central and eastern China","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib24","first-page":"10,425","article-title":"Enhanced sulfate formation during China's severe winter haze episode in January 2013 missing from current models","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Geophys Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12679","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023607","article-title":"Enhanced sulfate formation by nitrogen dioxide: implications from in situ observations at the sorpes station","volume":"120","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.11.008","article-title":"Simulated impact of NOx on SOA formation from oxidation of toluene and m-xylene","volume":"101","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1021\/es404842g","article-title":"Effects of NOx on the volatility of secondary organic aerosol from isoprene photooxidation","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5207","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-5207-2011","article-title":"Characteristics of PM2.5 speciation in representative megacities and across China","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7053","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-7053-2013","article-title":"Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 in Beijing: seasonal perspective","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2011.06.014","article-title":"Water-soluble ions in atmospheric aerosols measured in Xi'an, China: seasonal variations and sources","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5685","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-5685-2013","article-title":"Analysis of a winter regional haze event and its formation mechanism in the north China plain","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-2031-2015","article-title":"Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in north China","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.03.036","article-title":"Seasonal trends in PM2.5 source contributions in Beijing, China","volume":"39","author":"Zheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749117321012?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749117321012?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T20:49:47Z","timestamp":1759438187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749117321012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0269749117321012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"NOx promotion of SO2 conversion to sulfate: An important mechanism for the occurrence of heavy haze during winter in Beijing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.103","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}