{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:36:17Z","timestamp":1790894177419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81673211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81673211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81372952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81372952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["cstc2018jcyjAX0311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2018jcyjAX0311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["cstc2012jjA10070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2012jjA10070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College","award":["ygz2017402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ygz2017402"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2013KJXX-92"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013KJXX-92"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T02:35:31Z","timestamp":1538534131000},"page":"102-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The association between short-term ambient air pollution and daily outpatient visits for schizophrenia: A hospital-based study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"244","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Dong","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren-Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai-Ling","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong-Jian","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu341","article-title":"Acute air pollution exposure and risk of suicide completion","volume":"181","author":"Bakian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000112210.68754.fa","article-title":"Who is sensitive to the effects of particulate air pollution on mortality? A case-crossover analysis of effect modifiers","volume":"15","author":"Bateson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30139-0","article-title":"Prevalence of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in China and India: a systematic analysis","volume":"3","author":"Baxter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000184878.11956.4b","article-title":"Do gender, education, and income modify the effect of air pollution gases on cardiac disease?","volume":"48","author":"Cakmak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103671","article-title":"Fine particulate matter constituents and cardiopulmonary mortality in a heavily polluted Chinese city","volume":"120","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does air pollution trigger suicide? A case-crossover analysis of suicide deaths over the life span","author":"Casas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib7","first-page":"010410","article-title":"Prevalence of schizophrenia in China between 1990 and 2010","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.098","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and daily hospital admissions for mental disorders in Shanghai, China","volume":"613\u2013614","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr425","article-title":"Association of particulate air pollution with daily mortality: the China air pollution and health effects study","volume":"175","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.10.1127","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases","volume":"295","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0802902","article-title":"Mortality attributable to smoking in China","volume":"360","author":"Gu","year":"2009","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.01.034","article-title":"Particulate matter (PM10) exposure induces endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in rat brain","volume":"213\u2013214","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-12-43","article-title":"Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review","volume":"12","author":"Hoek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09050706","article-title":"Ambient particulate matter as a risk factor for suicide","volume":"167","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib15","first-page":"41","article-title":"Using machine learning to estimate global PM2.5 for environmental health studies","volume":"9","author":"Lary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153657","article-title":"Excess early mortality in schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Laursen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000614","article-title":"Schizophrenia patients are impaired in empathic accuracy","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.04.063","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo screening to determine neurological hazards of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using Wistar rats","volume":"225\u2013226","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP135","article-title":"Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of Parkinson disease","volume":"124","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.352","article-title":"Air pollution as an emerging global risk factor for stroke","volume":"305","author":"Mateen","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib21","first-page":"472751","article-title":"Air pollution, oxidative stress, and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2012","author":"Moulton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7523","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and atherosclerosis in Los Angeles","volume":"113","author":"N","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010004","article-title":"Association between neighbourhood air pollution concentrations and dispensed medication for psychiatric disorders in a large longitudinal cohort of Swedish children and adolescents","volume":"6","author":"Oudin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-012-0354-x","article-title":"Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders","volume":"22","author":"Pagsberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00062-8","article-title":"Air pollution from traffic and schizophrenia risk","volume":"66","author":"Pedersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800185","article-title":"Emergency admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and the chemical composition of fine particle air pollution","volume":"117","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h1111","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1111","article-title":"The relation between past exposure to fine particulate air pollution and prevalent anxiety: observational cohort study","volume":"350","author":"Power","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01029.x","article-title":"Environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis","volume":"188","author":"Pugliatti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2008.07.007","article-title":"SO inhalation induces protein oxidation, DNA\u2013protein crosslinks and apoptosis in rat hippocampus","volume":"72","author":"Sang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070532","article-title":"Schizophrenia: diverse approaches to a complex disease","volume":"296","author":"Sawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.075","article-title":"Air pollution in China: status and spatiotemporal variations","volume":"227","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.066","article-title":"Season, sex and age as modifiers in the association of psychosis morbidity with air pollutants: a rising problem in a Chinese metropolis","volume":"541","author":"Tong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4779","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004779","article-title":"Inequities and psychiatry disability in transition among the elderly population from 1987 to 2006 in China:Data based on national surveys","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib34","series-title":"Ambient (Outdoor) Air Quality and Health","author":"WHO","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib35","article-title":"The novel relationship between urban air pollution and epilepsy: a time series study","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2016.1227006","article-title":"Acute effects of air pollution on enteritis admissions in Xi'an, China","volume":"79","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-013-0249-3","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics can improve antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-012-0624-9","article-title":"The influence of air-suspended particulate concentration on the incidence of suicide attempts and exacerbation of schizophrenia","volume":"58","author":"Yackerson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.02.022","article-title":"Acute nitrogen dioxide inhalation induces mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain","volume":"138","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.09.003","article-title":"Acute effect of ambient air pollution on heart failure in Guangzhou, China","volume":"177","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.08.063","article-title":"SO(2) inhalation causes synaptic injury in rat hippocampus via its derivatives in\u00a0vivo","volume":"93","author":"Yun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj116","article-title":"Individual-level modifiers of the effects of particulate matter on daily mortality","volume":"163","author":"Zeka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60062-1","article-title":"Environmental health in China: progress towards clean air and safe water","volume":"375","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20140030","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and daily outpatient visits for cardiac arrhythmia in Shanghai, China","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749118311473?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749118311473?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T20:50:48Z","timestamp":1759438248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749118311473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0269749118311473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association between short-term ambient air pollution and daily outpatient visits for schizophrenia: A hospital-based study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.142","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}