{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:08:48Z","timestamp":1791947328552,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U1803124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1803124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["91544215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91544215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["41373116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41373116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Science and Technology Planning Project of Ningbo","award":["2017A40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017A40"]}]},{"name":"Medical Technology Program Foundation of Zhejiang","award":["2014KYA202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014KYA202"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Ningbo","award":["2014C50027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014C50027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T19:22:59Z","timestamp":1547493779000},"page":"285-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exposure-lag-response association between sunlight and schizophrenia in Ningbo, China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"247","author":[{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiner","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianfeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6759-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guolin","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qunli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2017.1374286","article-title":"The influence of sunlight exposure on hospitalization in emergency psychiatry","volume":"34","author":"Aguglia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2016-2144","article-title":"Bipolar disorders: is there an influence of seasonality or photoperiod?","volume":"40","author":"Aguglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.12.039","article-title":"Seasonal influences on admissions for mood disorders and schizophrenia in a teaching psychiatric hospital in Egypt","volume":"137","author":"Amr","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0155614","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155614","article-title":"Why we need more nature at work: effects of natural elements and sunlight on employee mental health and work attitudes","volume":"11","author":"An","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.01.012","article-title":"Seasonality in seeking mental health information on Google","volume":"44","author":"Ayers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2015.1039866","article-title":"Sunlight and vitamin D: necessary for public health","volume":"34","author":"Baggerly","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.04.002","article-title":"The effects of summer temperature and heat waves on heat-related illness in a coastal city of China, 2011-2013","volume":"132","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30283","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30283","article-title":"Hospitalizations from hypertensive diseases, diabetes, and arrhythmia in relation to low and high temperatures: population-based study","volume":"6","author":"Bai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12772","article-title":"Solar insolation in springtime influences age of onset of bipolar I disorder","volume":"136","author":"Bauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.03.013","article-title":"Influence of light exposure during early life on the age of onset of bipolar disorder","volume":"64","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2012.01025.x","article-title":"Impact of sunlight on the age of onset of bipolar disorder","volume":"14","author":"Bauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt092","article-title":"Time series regression studies in environmental epidemiology","volume":"42","author":"Bhaskaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2015.1086023","article-title":"Low levels of vitamin D poorly responsive to daylight exposure in patients with therapy-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"70","author":"Bogers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nord. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8100592","article-title":"Seasonal epidemiology of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among healthy adults living in rural and urban areas in Mongolia","volume":"8","author":"Bromage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.09.003","article-title":"The environment and susceptibility to schizophrenia","volume":"93","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib17","article-title":"Prevalence of schizophrenia in China between 1990 and 2010","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6062206","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on the level of circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2015-102117","article-title":"Vitamin D in schizophrenia: a clinical review","volume":"19","author":"Chiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evid. Based Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00091-2","article-title":"Seasonality of first admissions for schizophrenia in the Southern Hemisphere","volume":"41","author":"Davies","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007030","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of Northern Hemisphere season of birth studies in schizophrenia","volume":"29","author":"Davies","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.07.011","article-title":"Psychiatric hospitalizations for affective disorders in Warsaw, Poland: effect of season and intensity of sunlight","volume":"229","author":"Dominiak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3940","article-title":"Distributed lag non-linear models","volume":"29","author":"Gasparrini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62114-0","article-title":"Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: a multicountry observational study","volume":"386","author":"Gasparrini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-55","article-title":"Attributable risk from distributed lag models","volume":"14","author":"Gasparrini","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"issue":"422\u2013423","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib26","first-page":"429","article-title":"Keeping your sunny side up. How sunlight affects health and well-being","volume":"52","author":"Genuis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.07.002","article-title":"Seasonality and bipolar disorder: a systematic review, from admission rates to seasonality of symptoms","volume":"168","author":"Geoffroy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707000864","article-title":"Clinical and prognostic implications of seasonal pattern in bipolar disorder: a 10-year follow-up of 302 patients","volume":"37","author":"Goikolea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934518","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1934518","article-title":"Sunlight effects on immune system: is there something else in addition to UV-induced immunosuppression?","volume":"2016","author":"Gonzalez Maglio","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11339","article-title":"The effect of heat waves on mental health in a temperate Australian city","volume":"116","author":"Hansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-8-34","article-title":"Effect of sunlight exposure on cognitive function among depressed and non-depressed participants: a REGARDS cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Kent","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00047","article-title":"Vitamin-d deficiency as a potential environmental risk factor in multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, and autism","volume":"8","author":"Kocovska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11737-5","article-title":"Effect of sunlight and season on serotonin turnover in the brain","volume":"360","author":"Lambert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112134","article-title":"Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3","volume":"76","author":"MacLaughlin","year":"1985","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00259-6","article-title":"Long-term trends in sunshine duration and its association with schizophrenia birth rates and age at first registration--data from Australia and The Netherlands","volume":"54","author":"McGrath","year":"2002","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib36","first-page":"5","article-title":"Epidemiology, etiology, and natural treatment of seasonal affective disorder","volume":"10","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Altern. Med. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.07.011","article-title":"Seasonal trends in depressive problems among United States children and adolescents: a representative population survey","volume":"170","author":"Nillni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006712","article-title":"Seasonality of symptom onset in first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Owens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840903437657","article-title":"Vitamin D and depression: where is all the sunshine?","volume":"31","author":"Penckofer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Issues Ment. Health Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.10.003","article-title":"Weak associations between the daily number of suicide cases and amount of daily sunlight","volume":"73","author":"Seregi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2004.09.020","article-title":"Effects of climate on admission rates of schizophrenia patients to psychiatric hospitals","volume":"20","author":"Shiloh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.04.009","article-title":"Seasonal variation in schizophrenia admissions in a Chinese population","volume":"86","author":"Tian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60995-8","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"374","author":"van Os","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1198","article-title":"Direct effect of sunshine on suicide","volume":"71","author":"Vyssoki","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.24494","article-title":"Sunlight and Vitamin D: a global perspective for health","volume":"5","author":"Wacker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000441266","article-title":"Sunlight has cardiovascular benefits independently of vitamin D","volume":"41","author":"Weller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6","article-title":"Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"382","author":"Whiteford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib49","series-title":"WMO Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation","author":"WMO","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-306165","article-title":"Relationship between fine particulate air pollution and ischaemic heart disease morbidity and mortality","volume":"101","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61097-1","article-title":"Rapid health transition in China, 1990-2010: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010","volume":"381","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12250","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12250","article-title":"The burden of ambient temperature on years of life lost in Guangzhou, China","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.04.001","article-title":"The burden of stroke mortality attributable to cold and hot ambient temperatures: epidemiological evidence from China","volume":"92\u201393","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102412","article-title":"Vitamin D inhibits monocyte\/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1","volume":"188","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749118317639?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749118317639?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T18:15:42Z","timestamp":1577384142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749118317639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0269749118317639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exposure-lag-response association between sunlight and schizophrenia in Ningbo, China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}