{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T18:13:20Z","timestamp":1787076800426,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008975","name":"UMass Amherst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T02:26:26Z","timestamp":1562984786000},"page":"1030-1037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Arthritis diagnosis and early-life exposure to air pollution"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie T.","family":"Mullins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1765(03)00032-6","article-title":"Interaction terms in logit and probit models","volume":"80","author":"Ai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Econ. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(73)90005-5","article-title":"Regression with a binary independent variable subject to errors of observation","volume":"1","author":"Aigner","year":"1973","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Econom."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.25.3.153","article-title":"Killing me softly: the fetal origins hypothesis","volume":"25","author":"Almond","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Econ. Perspect."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.2009.124.4.1729","article-title":"Chernobyl's subclinical legacy: prenatal exposure to radioactive fallout and school outcomes in Sweden","volume":"124","author":"Almond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Q.\u00a0J. Econ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw030","article-title":"Smoking and air pollution as pro-inflammatory triggers for the development of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6609e1","article-title":"Vital signs: prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable Activity limitation-United States, 2013-2015","volume":"66","author":"Barbour","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR. Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6539","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective assessment of mortality from the London Smog episode of 1952: the role of influenza and pollution","volume":"112","author":"Bell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.031666","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA study","volume":"64","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201603-0451OC","article-title":"Early-life exposure to the Great Smog of 1952 and the development of asthma","volume":"194","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"9341","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11274-8","article-title":"Air pollution and health","volume":"360","author":"Brunekreef","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.06.008","article-title":"Air pollution exposure increases the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal and nationwide study","volume":"94","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(03)00006-5","article-title":"The epidemiology of autoimmune diseases","volume":"2","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307413","article-title":"Proximity to traffic, ambient air pollution, and community noise in relation to incident rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"122","author":"De Roos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib14","series-title":"America's Children and the Environment. Washington (DC)","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-015-0092-1","article-title":"Is air pollution a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"12","author":"Essouma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Inflamm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.06.008","article-title":"Air pollution in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a review","volume":"11","author":"Farhat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202949","article-title":"Relationship between air pollution and positivity of RA-related autoantibodies in individuals without established RA: a report on SERA","volume":"72","author":"Gan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib18","unstructured":"\u201cGreater London Authority\u201d (UK). Years on: the struggle for air quality in London since the Great Smog of December 1952. Mayor Lond.. 50:1-34."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00576","article-title":"Obesity as a risk and severity factor in rheumatic diseases (autoimmune chronic inflammatory diseases)","volume":"5","author":"Gremese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21975","article-title":"Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Hart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-12-43","article-title":"Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory mortality: a review","volume":"12","author":"Hoek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00258","article-title":"Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue: taming inflammation in the lung","volume":"7","author":"Hwang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000732","article-title":"Air pollution as a potential determinant of rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"28","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.012","article-title":"Human health effects of air pollution","volume":"151","author":"Kampa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"2015","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib25","article-title":"English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: waves 0\u20136, 1998\u20132013","volume":"2013","author":"Marmot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Second. Engl. Longitud. Study Ageing: Waves 0\u20136"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(86)90021-7","article-title":"Random group effects and the precision of regression estimates","volume":"32","author":"Moulton","year":"1986","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Econom."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib27","first-page":"149","article-title":"Shortening of life span and causes of excess mortality in a population-based series of subjects with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Myllykangas-Luosuj\u00e4rvi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib28","series-title":"Living with Arthritis; Health Information Basics for You and Your Family","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib29","first-page":"345","article-title":"The long-term effects of early childhood lead exposure: evidence from sharp changes in local air lead levels induced by the phase-out of leaded gasoline","author":"Nilsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Childhood Obesity: Introducing the Issue, The Future of Children"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270805","article-title":"Severe functional declines, work disability, and increased mortality in seventy-five rheumatoid arthritis patients studied over nine years","volume":"27","author":"Pincus","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib31","article-title":"Environmental policy as social policy? The impact of childhood lead exposure on crime","volume":"7","author":"Reyes","year":"2007","journal-title":"B.\u00a0E. J. Econ. Anal. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib32","series-title":"Living in the 21st Century: Older People in England. The 2006 English Longitudinal Study of Ageing","author":"Scholes","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2018.03.001","article-title":"Air pollution as a determinant of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"86","author":"Sigaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq266","article-title":"Obesity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"50","author":"Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.9.835","article-title":"Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population based case-control study, using incident cases","volume":"62","author":"Stolt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.022053","article-title":"Silica exposure is associated with increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA study","volume":"64","author":"Stolt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401106","article-title":"Blood transfusion, smoking, and obesity as risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Results from a primary care-based incident case-control study in Norfolk, England","volume":"40","author":"Symmons","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13630","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616540113","article-title":"Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib39","series-title":"Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data","author":"Wooldridge","year":"2010"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5322","DOI":"10.3390\/su6085322","article-title":"Tackling air pollution in China\u2014what do we learn from the Great Smog of 1950s in London","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sustainability"}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749119305706?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749119305706?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T21:13:03Z","timestamp":1759439583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749119305706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0269749119305706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Arthritis diagnosis and early-life exposure to air pollution","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.054","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}