{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T13:45:43Z","timestamp":1768916743899,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T08:21:28Z","timestamp":1593159688000},"page":"115086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Affinity zone identification approach for joint control of PM2.5 pollution over China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"265","author":[{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baozhu","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danhui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zifa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2018.06.006","article-title":"Cluster analysis of urban ultrafine particles size distributions","volume":"10","author":"Agudelocastaneda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Poll. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.11.030","article-title":"Associations between long-term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CANCHEC), by spatial synoptic classification zone","volume":"111","author":"Cakmak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"D22","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD008205","article-title":"Spatial and seasonal distributions of carbonaceous aerosols over China","volume":"112","author":"Cao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.09.003","article-title":"Air pollution in mega cities in China","volume":"42","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-015-5458-y","article-title":"Modeling study of source contributions and emergency control effects during a severe haze episode over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. China Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib6","first-page":"179","article-title":"Regionalization based on spatial and seasonal variation in ground-level ozone concentrations across China","volume":"67","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601530","article-title":"Reactive nitrogen chemistry in aerosol water as a source of sulfate during haze events in China","volume":"2","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib8","first-page":"129","article-title":"A\u00a0new cluster method for climatic classification and compartment using the conjunction between CAST and REOF","volume":"31","author":"Ding","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib9","series-title":"Ambient Air Quality Standard","first-page":"3","year":"1996"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.03.018","article-title":"A\u00a0study of air pollution of city clusters","volume":"45","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib11","first-page":"25","article-title":"Regional distributions of air pollution index in major cities of China","volume":"44","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Periodical of Ocean University of China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.084","article-title":"Air pollution over the North China Plain and its implication of regional transport: a new sight from the observed evidences","volume":"234","author":"Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib13","first-page":"111","article-title":"Three cluster methods in regionalization of temperature zones in China. Climatic","volume":"20","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.01.050","article-title":"Air pollution characteristics and their relation to meteorological conditions during 2014-2015 in major Chinese cities","volume":"223","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-12-43","article-title":"Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review","volume":"12","author":"Hoek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10651-012-0210-7","article-title":"Functional zoning for air quality","volume":"20","author":"Ignaccolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Ecol. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib17","first-page":"186","article-title":"The data model concept in statistical mapping","volume":"7","author":"Jenks","year":"1967","journal-title":"Int. Yearb. Cartogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.05.008","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variation of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in China during 2014-2016","volume":"161","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib19","first-page":"121","article-title":"The analysis of the optimization for the joint control area of haze pollution in China","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Humanit."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5213","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL073210","article-title":"Fine particle pH during severe haze episodes in northern China","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6863","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-6863-2016","article-title":"Cluster analysis of European surface ozone observations for evaluation of MACC reanalysis data","volume":"16","author":"Lyapina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1982)110<0699:SEITEO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Sampling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal function","volume":"110","author":"North","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib24","series-title":"International Conference on Quality in Research","first-page":"221","article-title":"An analysis of natural disaster data by using K-means and K-medoids algorithm of data mining techniques","author":"Prihandoko","year":"2017"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib25","first-page":"2899","article-title":"Regional differences and meteorological conditions of a low visibility procedure over the Yangtze River Delta Region in winter. China","volume":"35","author":"Qi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(2004)061<0664:TSOFGW>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Three-dimensional structure of forced gravity waves and lee waves","volume":"61","author":"Sharman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.075","article-title":"Air pollution in China: status and spatiotemporal variations","volume":"227","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib28","article-title":"Surface ozone climatology of South Eastern Brazil and the impact of biomass burning events","author":"Targino","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.10.012","article-title":"Delimiting affinity zones as a basis for air pollution mapping in Europe","volume":"51","author":"Vienneau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000294","article-title":"Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and mortality among Canadian women","volume":"26","author":"Villeneuve","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib31","first-page":"243","article-title":"Analysis of the characteristics and variation of pollutant concentrations for a long-lasting fog and haze event in the Jiangsu area","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans. Atmos. Sci."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13630","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616540113","article-title":"Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib33","first-page":"1537","article-title":"Characteristics and formation mechanism of a heavy air pollution episode in Shanghai","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Circumstantiae"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-3151-2014","article-title":"The 2013 severe haze over southern Hebei, China: model evaluation, source apportionment, and policy implications","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-015-5468-9","article-title":"Spatial distribution, seasonal variation and regionalization of PM2.5 concentrations in China","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. China Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(11)60724-9","article-title":"Air quality management in China: issues, challenges, and options","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-013-4793-0","article-title":"Modeling study of regional severe hazes over mid-eastern China in January 2013 and its implications on pollution prevention and control","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. China-Earth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib38","series-title":"Modern Climate Statistics Diagnosis and Prediction Technology","first-page":"115","author":"Wei","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib39","series-title":"Statistical Methods in Atmospheric Sciences","first-page":"463","author":"Wilks","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib40","first-page":"38","article-title":"Numerical experiments of influence of topography on atmospheric motion","volume":"53","author":"Xiao","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Meteorol. Sin."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib41","first-page":"1132","article-title":"\u201charbor\u201d effect of large topography on haze distribution in eastern China and its climate modulation on decadal variations in haze","volume":"60","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.11.053","article-title":"Assessment of air quality improvement effect under the national total emission control program during the twelfth national five-year plan in China","volume":"68","author":"Xue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00867982","article-title":"A\u00a0new method of cluster analysis for numerical classification of climate","volume":"57","author":"Yao","year":"1997","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib44","series-title":"Climatology Studies-Climate and Environment","first-page":"1","article-title":"A\u00a0loading correlation model for climatic classification with climatic descriptions in synoptic climatology","author":"Yao","year":"1998"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5031","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-5031-2012","article-title":"The impact of circulation patterns on regional transport pathways and air quality over Beijing and its surroundings","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.11.003","article-title":"Annual and diurnal variations of gaseous and particulate pollutants in 31 provincial capital cities based on in situ air quality monitoring data from China National Environmental Monitoring Center","volume":"86","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749119343192?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749119343192?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T21:42:40Z","timestamp":1759441360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749119343192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0269749119343192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Affinity zone identification approach for joint control of PM2.5 pollution over China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115086","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115086"}}