{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:44:46Z","timestamp":1786988686609,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T13:27:37Z","timestamp":1603805257000},"page":"115691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Improved air quality and associated mortalities in India under COVID-19 lockdown"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"268","author":[{"given":"Hasan Raja","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manali","family":"Datta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guneet","family":"Mutreja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masood Ahsan","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daraksha Fatima","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsar Raza","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib1","article-title":"The impact of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"5196","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.03.046","article-title":"Is short-term exposure to ambient fine particles associated with measles incidence in China? A multi-city study","volume":"156","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30360-3","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib4","article-title":"Air pollution reduction and mortality benefit during the COVID-19 outbreak in China","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6","article-title":"Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015","volume":"389","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114465","article-title":"Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy?\u2217","volume":"261","author":"Conticini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib8","first-page":"157-160","article-title":"WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib7","unstructured":"COVID-19 Data of India. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. (https:\/\/www.mohfw.gov.in\/) Accessed on 5 May 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114466","article-title":"COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution?","author":"Dutheil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib10","series-title":"Developing Spatially Interpolated Surfaces and Estimating Uncertainty","author":"Eberly","year":"2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2013.2263425","article-title":"Examining urban heat island relations to land use and air pollution: multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis for thermal remote sensing","volume":"6","author":"Feizizadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Rem. Sens."},{"issue":"10053","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31679-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study","volume":"388","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3867","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-020-00739-5","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in India: what might we expect?","volume":"22","author":"Gautam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30411-6","article-title":"Preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against importations of COVID-19: a modelling study","volume":"395","author":"Gilbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2017","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.06.031","article-title":"Google Earth engine: planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone","volume":"202","author":"Gorelick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114883","article-title":"Drop in urban air pollution from COVID-19 pandemic: policy implications for the megacity of S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"265","author":"Krecl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12142210","article-title":"Effect of lockdown measures on atmospheric nitrogen dioxide during SARS-CoV-2 in Spain","volume":"12","author":"Mesas-Carrascosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rem. Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib20","unstructured":"Air Pollution Monitoring Data of India. Central Pollution Control Board. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. (https:\/\/cpcb.nic.in\/) Accessed on 5 May 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib21","series-title":"Road Accidents in India 2018","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib22","author":"Myllyvirta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib23","author":"Our world in data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib24","article-title":"Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112487","article-title":"Long-term effect of outdoor air pollution on mortality and morbidity: a 12-year follow-up study for metropolitan France","volume":"15","author":"Sanyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib26","first-page":"417-426","article-title":"Air pollution and non-communicable diseases: a review by the forum of international respiratory societies\u2019 environmental committee, Part 2: air pollution and organ systems","volume":"155","author":"Schraufnagel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.05.005","article-title":"Generation of avian influenza virus (AIV) contaminated fecal fine particulate matter (PM2.5): genome and infectivity detection and calculation of immission","volume":"139","author":"Sedlmaier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2932","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082932","article-title":"Airborne transmission route of COVID-19: why 2 meters\/6 feet of inter-personal distance could not Be enough","volume":"17","author":"Setti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib29","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 as a necessary evil on air pollution in India during the lockdown","volume":"115080","author":"Shehzad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-020-00863-1","article-title":"Impact of lockdown on air quality in India during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Air Qual Atmos Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10122034","article-title":"Global land surface temperature influenced by vegetation cover and PM2.5 from 2001 to 2016","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rem. Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138540","article-title":"Changes in air quality during the lockdown in Barcelona (Spain) one month into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic","volume":"726","author":"Tob\u00edas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2020.05.004","article-title":"COVID-19 and air pollution: a dangerous association?","author":"Urrutia-Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.09.027","article-title":"TROPOMI on the ESA Sentinel-5 Precursor: a GMES mission for global observations of the atmospheric composition for climate, air quality and ozone layer applications","volume":"120","author":"Veefkind","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656-663","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102800","article-title":"Long-term residential exposure to urban air pollution, and repeated measures of systemic blood markers of inflammation and coagulation","volume":"72","author":"Viehmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib36","series-title":"MOD11A1 MODIS\/Terra Land Surface Temperature\/Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V006 [Data Set]","author":"Wan","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib37","first-page":"377","volume":"vol. 154","author":"Wong","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib38","series-title":"Mortality and Burden of Disease from Ambient Air Pollution, Situation and Trends","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib39","first-page":"487","article-title":"India takes steps to curb air pollution","volume":"94","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib40","series-title":"Exposure to Air Pollution and COVID-19 Mortality in the United States: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study","author":"Wu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib41","series-title":"Impacts of the COVID-19 Responses on Traffic-Related Air Pollution in a Northwestern US City","author":"Xiang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7228-6","article-title":"Haze is a risk factor contributing to the rapid spread of respiratory syncytial virus in children","volume":"23","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140496","article-title":"Air quality changes in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"742","author":"Zangari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47788-z","article-title":"Airborne transmission may have played a role in the spread of 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749120363806?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749120363806?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T21:49:07Z","timestamp":1759441747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749120363806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0269749120363806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Improved air quality and associated mortalities in India under COVID-19 lockdown","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115691","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115691"}}