{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:06:02Z","timestamp":1790622362512,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004361","name":"Krebsliga Schweiz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T08:52:04Z","timestamp":1608713524000},"page":"116356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Residential radon \u2013 Comparative analysis of exposure models in Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"271","author":[{"given":"Danielle","family":"Vienneau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se\u00e7kin","family":"Boz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7371-6817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Forlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Fl\u00fcckiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5974-2007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kees","family":"de Hoogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Berlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murielle","family":"Bochud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Bulliard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Zwahlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"R\u00f6\u00f6sli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.10.651","article-title":"Effect of measurement error on epidemiological studies of environmental and occupational exposures","volume":"55","author":"Armstrong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/aa979a","article-title":"A\u00a0national survey on radon remediation in Switzerland","volume":"38","author":"Barazza","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Radiol. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0134-x","article-title":"Residential radon and cancers other than lung cancer: a cohort study in Galicia, a Spanish radon-prone area","volume":"31","author":"Barbosa-Lorenzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-0146-T","article-title":"Residential radon exposure, histologic types, and lung cancer risk. A case\u2013control study in galicia, Spain","volume":"21","author":"Barros-Dios","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.01.064","article-title":"Effect of the number of measurement sites on land use regression models in estimating local air pollution","volume":"54","author":"Basaga\u00f1a","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn042","article-title":"Cohort Profile: the Swiss National Cohort\u2014a longitudinal study of 6.8 million people","volume":"38","author":"Bopp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135642","article-title":"Residential radon exposure and skin cancer incidence in a prospective Danish cohort","volume":"10","author":"Br\u00e4uner","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38308.477650.63","article-title":"Radon in homes and risk of lung cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies","volume":"330","author":"Darby","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2007)88[243:BTFEMA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Boosted trees for ecological modeling and prediction","volume":"88","author":"De\u2019ath","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib11","series-title":"ESDB v2.0: the European Soil Database","author":"EC","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib12","unstructured":"ENSI, Swiss Radiation Map. Confederate Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI), Swiss Geophysical Commission (SGPK), Institute for Geophysics, ETH Z\u00fcrich."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib13","series-title":"National Action Plan Concerning Radon 2012-2020","author":"FOPH","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib14","series-title":"Radon Map of Switzerland","author":"FOPH","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib15","series-title":"Stadt\/Land-Typologie","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib16","series-title":"Federal Register of Buildings and Dwellings","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2015.05.027","article-title":"A\u00a0critical analysis of climatic influences on indoor radon concentrations: implications for seasonal correction","volume":"148","author":"Groves-Kirkby","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1306500","article-title":"Domestic radon exposure and risk of childhood cancer: a prospective census-based cohort study","volume":"121","author":"Hauri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.03.014","article-title":"A\u00a0prediction model for assessing residential radon concentration in Switzerland","volume":"112","author":"Hauri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500332","article-title":"Two dimensions of measurement error: classical and Berkson error in residential radon exposure assessment","volume":"14","author":"Heid","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390500260945","article-title":"A\u00a0combined analysis of North American case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer","volume":"69","author":"Krewski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2013.11.010","article-title":"Major influencing factors of indoor radon concentrations in Switzerland","volume":"129","author":"Kropat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2015.05.006","article-title":"Improved predictive mapping of indoor radon concentrations using ensemble regression trees based on automatic clustering of geological units","volume":"147","author":"Kropat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.09.064","article-title":"Predictive analysis and mapping of indoor radon concentrations in a complex environment using kernel estimation: an application to Switzerland","volume":"505","author":"Kropat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2016.06.007","article-title":"Modeling of geogenic radon in Switzerland based on ordered logistic regression","volume":"166","author":"Kropat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HP.0000309769.55126.03","article-title":"Population attributable fraction for lung cancer due to residential radon in Switzerland and Germany","volume":"95","author":"Menzler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3867","article-title":"Predicting residential radon concentrations in Finland: model development, validation, and application to childhood leukemia","volume":"46","author":"Nikkil\u00e4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib28","first-page":"32","article-title":"The European soils database","volume":"5","author":"Panagos","year":"2006","journal-title":"GEOconnexion International Magazine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib29","series-title":"Coverage Estimation for the Swiss Population Census 2000: Estimation Methodology and Results. Swiss Statistics Methodology Report","first-page":"147","author":"Renaud","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2006.00520.x","article-title":"Sleepless night, the moon is bright: longitudinal study of lunar phase and sleep","volume":"15","author":"R\u00f6\u00f6sli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Sleep Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0265-931X(01)00169-2","article-title":"Radiation doses of Swiss population from external sources","volume":"62","author":"Rybach","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-010-0160-5","article-title":"The Swiss National Cohort: a unique database for national and international researchers","volume":"55","author":"Spoerri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54891-8","article-title":"Radon exposure is rising steadily within the modern North American residential environment, and is increasingly uniform across seasons","volume":"9","author":"Stanley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000000970","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variations of indoor airborne radon decay product dose rate and surface-deposited radon decay products in homes","volume":"116","author":"Steck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib35","series-title":"Digital Height Model DHM25","author":"Swisstopo","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib36","series-title":"Geological Map of Switzerland 1:500,000","author":"Swisstopo","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws198","article-title":"Radon and nonrespiratory mortality in the American cancer society cohort","author":"Turner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.09.048","article-title":"A\u00a0GIS-based method for modelling air pollution exposures across Europe","volume":"408","author":"Vienneau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP825","article-title":"Effects of radon and UV exposure on skin cancer mortality in Switzerland","volume":"125","author":"Vienneau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1021\/es305129t","article-title":"Evaluation of land use regression models for NO2 and particulate matter in 20 European study areas: the ESCAPE project","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib41","series-title":"WHO Handbook on Indoor Radon: A Public Health Perspective","author":"WHO","year":"2009"},{"issue":"Issue 1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356_bib42","article-title":"Ranger: a fast implementation of random forests for high dimensional data in C++ and R","volume":"1","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Stat. Software"}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749120370457?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749120370457?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T21:50:48Z","timestamp":1759441848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749120370457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0269749120370457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Residential radon \u2013 Comparative analysis of exposure models in Switzerland","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116356","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116356"}}