{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:25:28Z","timestamp":1790479528993,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T17:34:25Z","timestamp":1611941665000},"page":"116616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Assessment of oxidative potential by hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions of water-soluble PM2.5 and their mixture effects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"275","author":[{"given":"Manfei","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6165-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian Zhen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2010.487630","article-title":"Protection of ascorbic acid from copper(Ii)-catalyzed oxidative degradation in the presence of fruit acids: citric, oxalic, tartaric, malic, malonic, and fumaric acids","volume":"15","author":"Akbiyik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4003","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b03430","article-title":"Review of acellular assays of ambient particulate matter oxidative potential: methods and relationships with composition, sources, and health effects","volume":"53","author":"Bates","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-022X(88)90100-5","article-title":"In the absence of catalytic metals ascorbate does not autoxidize at Ph-7 - ascorbate as a test for catalytic metals","volume":"16","author":"Buettner","year":"1988","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biochem. Biophys. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.12.021","article-title":"Impacts of antioxidants on hydroxyl radical production from individual and mixed transition metals in a surrogate lung fluid","volume":"45","author":"Charrier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9317","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01606","article-title":"Rates of hydroxyl radical production from transition metals and quinones in a surrogate lung fluid","volume":"49","author":"Charrier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071380","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo experimental studies of Pm2.5 on disease progression","volume":"15","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2014.09.0226","article-title":"Characterization and source identification of heavy metals in ambient Pm10 and Pm2.5 in an integrated iron and steel industry zone compared with a background site","volume":"15","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370802491433","article-title":"Determination of metal-based hydroxyl radical generating capacity of ambient and diesel exhaust particles","volume":"21","author":"DiStefano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3865","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-3865-2016","article-title":"Oxidative potential of ambient water-soluble Pm2.5 in the southeastern United States: contrasts in sources and health associations between ascorbic acid (aa) and dithiothreitol (dtt) assays","volume":"16","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.01.030","article-title":"The health effects of ambient Pm2.5 and potential mechanisms","volume":"128","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7676","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b01299","article-title":"Hulis enhancement of hydroxyl radical formation from Fe(ii): kinetics of fulvic acid-Fe(ii) complexes in the presence of lung antioxidants","volume":"51","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-729-2006","article-title":"Atmospheric hulis: how humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review","volume":"6","author":"Graber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib14","first-page":"1920","article-title":"Analytical methods to assess the oxidative potential of nanoparticles: a review","volume":"4","author":"Hellack","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-2197-2011","article-title":"Summer and winter variations of dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids and benzoic acid in Pm2.5 in pearl delta river region, China","volume":"11","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2013.01.0020","article-title":"Characterization of Pm2.5 major components and source investigation in suburban Hong Kong: a one year monitoring study","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102303","article-title":"Associations between three specific a-cellular measures of the oxidative potential of particulate matter and markers of acute airway and nasal inflammation in healthy volunteers","volume":"72","author":"Janssen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.5094\/APR.2014.029","article-title":"Water solubility of metals in coarse Pm and Pm2.5 in typical urban environment in Hong Kong","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2007.04.005","article-title":"Study of water-soluble atmospheric humic matter in urban and marine environments","volume":"87","author":"Krivacsy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-1995-2015","article-title":"Sources of humic-like substances in the pearl river delta, China: positive matrix factorization analysis of Pm2.5 major components and source markers","volume":"15","author":"Kuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134012","article-title":"Effect of metal-organic interactions on the oxidative potential of mixtures of atmospheric humic-like substances and copper\/manganese as investigated by the dithiothreitol assay","volume":"697","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b07478","article-title":"Assessment of interactions between transition metals and atmospheric organics: ascorbic acid depletion and hydroxyl radical formation in organic-metal mixtures","volume":"54","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6487","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-6487-2010","article-title":"Humic-like substances in fresh emissions of rice straw burning and in ambient aerosols in the pearl river delta region, China","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2009.09.001","article-title":"Abundance and size distribution of hulis in ambient aerosols at a rural site in south China","volume":"41","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10362","DOI":"10.1021\/es2028229","article-title":"Generation of reactive oxygen species mediated by humic-like substances in atmospheric aerosols","volume":"45","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1021\/es00162a012","article-title":"Reaction-kinetics of hydrogen-peroxide with copper and iron in seawater","volume":"21","author":"Moffett","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1021\/es203032v","article-title":"Hydroxyl radical generation mechanism during the redox cycling process of 1,4-naphthoquinone","volume":"46","author":"Shang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.10.006","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide generation in ambient particle extracts and laboratory metal solutions","volume":"46","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11384","DOI":"10.1021\/es302484r","article-title":"Contribution of water-soluble and insoluble components and their hydrophobic\/hydrophilic subfractions to the reactive oxygen species-generating potential of fine ambient aerosols","volume":"46","author":"Verma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.01.004","article-title":"Generation of hydroxyl radicals from dissolved transition metals in surrogate lung fluid solutions","volume":"42","author":"Vidrio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1021\/es801653u","article-title":"Generation of hydroxyl radicals from ambient fine particles in a surrogate lung fluid solution","volume":"43","author":"Vidrio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.09.047","article-title":"Urban Pm2.5 oxidative potential: importance of chemical species and comparison of two spectrophotometric cell-free assays","volume":"219","author":"Visentin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b05731","article-title":"Complexation of iron and copper in ambient particulate matter and its effect on the oxidative potential measured in a surrogate lung fluid","volume":"53","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2003.10.048","article-title":"Characterization of dicarboxylic acids in Pm2.5 in Hong Kong","volume":"38","author":"Yao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b04261","article-title":"Synergistic and antagonistic interactions among the particulate matter components in generating reactive oxygen species based on the dithiothreitol assay","volume":"52","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.131","article-title":"Characteristics and secondary formation of water-soluble organic acids in Pm1, Pm2.5 and Pm10 in Beijing during haze episodes","volume":"669","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9772","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023531","article-title":"Sources and atmospheric processes impacting oxalate at a suburban coastal site in Hong Kong: insights inferred from 1year hourly measurements","volume":"120","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Geophys. Res. Atmos."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749121001949?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749121001949?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T21:52:13Z","timestamp":1759441933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749121001949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0269749121001949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessment of oxidative potential by hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions of water-soluble PM2.5 and their mixture effects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116616","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116616"}}