{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:52:44Z","timestamp":1790758364533,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81773333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012476","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of the Central South University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020zzts290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020zzts290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012476","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX20190158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20190158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019JJ50853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJ50853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012830","name":"Hunan Province Development and Reform Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012830","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010453","name":"National Development and Reform Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T23:36:14Z","timestamp":1614641774000},"page":"116850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Particulate matter promotes hyperpigmentation via AhR\/MAPK signaling activation and by increasing \u03b1-MSH paracrine levels in keratinocytes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"278","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaqian","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3946-9853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuotong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4524-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiani","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixin","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puyu","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9360-7180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiancheng","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9180-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghai","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6214-8057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.6b00364","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation contributes to benzanthrone-induced hyperpigmentation via modulation of melanogenic signaling pathways","volume":"30","author":"Abbas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092666","article-title":"Global air quality and pollution","volume":"302","author":"Akimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v18.i3.20","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex and the control of gene expression","volume":"18","author":"Beischlag","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.06.015","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR): from selected human target genes and crosstalk with transcription factors to multiple AHR functions","volume":"168","author":"Bock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1","article-title":"Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: an update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"121","author":"Brook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib6","volume":"vol. 17","author":"D\u2019Mello","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17071144","article-title":"Signaling pathways in melanogenesis","volume":"17","author":"D\u2019Mello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15295-8","article-title":"Indoor PM2.5 exposure affects skin aging manifestation in a Chinese population","volume":"7","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib9","first-page":"364","article-title":"Skin inflammation induced by ambient particulate matter in China","volume":"682","author":"Dong","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0394-4","article-title":"Functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the skin","volume":"35","author":"Esser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.114.009001","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in barrier organ physiology, immunology, and toxicology","volume":"67","author":"Esser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib12","first-page":"349","article-title":"From genes to drugs: targeted strategies for melanoma","volume":"12","author":"Flaherty","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp\/1408092","article-title":"Outdoor particulate matter exposure and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"122","author":"Hamra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/10962247.2018.1520754","article-title":"Concentrations of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient PM2.5 and PM10 particulates in Doha, Qatar","volume":"69","author":"Javed","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Air Waste Manag. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2018.04.015","article-title":"Urban particulate matter in air pollution penetrates into the barrier-disrupted skin and produces ROS-dependent cutaneous inflammatory response in\u00a0vivo","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib17","first-page":"845","article-title":"Exposure to ambient bioaerosols is associated with allergic skin diseases in Greater Taipei residents","volume":"216","author":"Kallawicha","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib18","first-page":"362","volume":"151","author":"Kampa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Human health effects of air pollution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib19","first-page":"136","volume":"vol. 74","author":"Kim","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.039","article-title":"Air pollution and skin diseases: adverse effects of airborne particulate matter on various skin diseases","volume":"152","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.09.031","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway as a regulatory pathway for cell adhesion and matrix metabolism","volume":"77","author":"Kung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib22","first-page":"406","article-title":"MITF: master regulator of melanocyte development and melanoma","volume":"12","author":"Levy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib23","article-title":"Effects of ambient fine particles PM2.5 on human HaCaT cells","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.06.029","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the adverse health effects of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 pollution in the Chinese population","volume":"136","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2010.00762.x","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a novel regulator of human melanogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Luecke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Respiratory health effects of exposure to ambient particulate matter and bioaerosols","volume":"10","author":"Mack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib27","first-page":"738","volume":"2","author":"Marks","year":"2001","journal-title":"The melanosome: membrane dynamics in black and white"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.09.025","article-title":"AHR-dependent misregulation of Wnt signaling disrupts tissue regeneration","volume":"77","author":"Mathew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12170","article-title":"Tobacco smoke-induced skin pigmentation is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"22","author":"Nakamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2018.05.001","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) a possible target for the treatment of skin disease","volume":"116","author":"Napolitano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12849","article-title":"Two histopathological patterns of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: epidermal and dermal","volume":"44","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-018-2197-9","article-title":"Particulate matter 2.5 damages skin cells by inducing oxidative stress, subcellular organelle dysfunction, and apoptosis","volume":"92","author":"Piao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.08.031","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor cross-talks with multiple signal transduction pathways","volume":"77","author":"Puga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.02.002","article-title":"Topical treatment strategies to manipulate human skin pigmentation","volume":"153","author":"Rachmin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7398com","article-title":"Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the ACTH\/melanocortin precursor, is secreted by human epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes and stimulates melanogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Rousseau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Faseb. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106886","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling activation in systemic sclerosis attenuates collagen production and is a potential antifibrotic target","volume":"88","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105180","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: an environmental effector in the pathogenesis of fibrosis","volume":"160","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9518","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00385","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a key bridging molecule of external and internal chemical signals","volume":"49","author":"Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.204","article-title":"Airborne particle exposure and extrinsic skin aging","volume":"130","author":"Vierk\u00f6tter","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib40","first-page":"576","article-title":"Global association between ambient air pollution and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"235","author":"Yang","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib41","first-page":"8058","article-title":"Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor as a regulator for melanocyte-specific transcription of the human tyrosinase gene","volume":"14","author":"Yasumoto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15651","article-title":"Paracrine regulation of melanogenesis","volume":"178","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749121004322?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749121004322?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T13:50:11Z","timestamp":1778680211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749121004322"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0269749121004322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Particulate matter promotes hyperpigmentation via AhR\/MAPK signaling activation and by increasing \u03b1-MSH paracrine levels in keratinocytes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116850","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116850"}}