{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T03:55:23Z","timestamp":1793246123883,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007480","name":"UCLM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Government of Spain Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T08:28:05Z","timestamp":1621672085000},"page":"117452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Increasing incidence of barbiturate intoxication in avian scavengers and mammals in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"284","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5453-9752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Herrero-Villar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s S.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Barbudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo R.","family":"Camarero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Taggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1307-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib1","series-title":"AEMPS","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Posibilidad de intoxicaci\u00f3n por barbit\u00faricos en aves carro\u00f1eras alimentadas con cad\u00e1veres de \u00e9quidos eutanasiados con dolethal","volume":"26","author":"Aldeguer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib3","series-title":"AVMA Guidelines for Euthanasia of Animals","author":"American Veterinary Medical Association","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1979.175.06.583","article-title":"Accidental relay toxicosis caused by pentobarbital euthanasia solution","volume":"175","author":"Anderson","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2013.0492","article-title":"Assessing the exposure risk and impacts of pharmaceuticals in the environment on individuals and ecosystems","volume":"9","author":"Arnold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2017.1406714","article-title":"Stability of pentobarbital in soil","volume":"53","author":"Bagsby","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Heal. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib29","series-title":"C\u00f3digo de protecci\u00f3n y bienestar animal","author":"Bolet\u00edn oficial del Estado","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(96)00311-1","article-title":"Identification of pesticide poisoning in wildlife","volume":"754","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00422.x","article-title":"Use of a point-of-care urine drug test in a dog to assist in diagnosing barbiturate toxicosis secondary to ingestion of a euthanized carcass","volume":"19","author":"Campbell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"issue":"558","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.03.083","article-title":"Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotic residues in the plasma of Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) in Spain","volume":"557","author":"Casas-D\u00edaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib10","series-title":"CIMAVET","author":"Centro de Informaci\u00f3n online de Medicamentos Veterinarios de la Aemps","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142260","article-title":"Integrating active and passive monitoring to asses sublethal effects and mortality from lead poisoning in birds of prey","volume":"750","author":"Descalzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib12","series-title":"Los Buitres Ib\u00e9ricos. Biolog\u00eda Y Conservaci\u00f3n","first-page":"285","author":"Don\u00e1zar","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib13","first-page":"1438","article-title":"Guidance Document on risk assessment for birds and Mammals on request from EFSA","volume":"7","year":"2009","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib14","series-title":"La problematique des residus medicanteux dans l\u2019alimentation des vautors: Cas pariculiers des anti-inflammatories, antibiotiques et authanasiants utilis\u00e9s en \u00e9levage ruminant","author":"Gedoux","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib15","first-page":"173","article-title":"British Columbia: deaths caused by barbiturate poisoning in bald eagles and other wildlife","volume":"29","author":"Hayes","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-009-0255-6","article-title":"Poison-related mortality effects in the endangered Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) population in Spain","volume":"55","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wildl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115157","article-title":"NSAIDs detected in Iberian avian scavengers and carrion after diclofenac registration for veterinary use in Spain","volume":"266","author":"Herrero-Villar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146890","article-title":"First diclofenac intoxication in a wild avian scavenger in Europe","volume":"782","author":"Herrero-Villar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871002200423","article-title":"Secondary pentobarbital poisoning in two dogs: a cautionary tale","volume":"22","author":"Kaiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.12.042","article-title":"Interspecific and geographical differences in anticoagulant rodenticide residues of predatory wildlife from the Mediterranean region of Spain","volume":"511","author":"L\u00f3pez-Perea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.10.101","article-title":"Urbanization and cattle density are determinants in the exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides of nontarget wildlife","volume":"244","author":"L\u00f3pez-Perea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intoxicaci\u00f3n por pentobarbital s\u00f3dico en buitres leonados (Gyps fulvus) en una buitrera tras el consumo de carne de cabra dom\u00e9stica","volume":"34","author":"Mar\u00eda-Mojica","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2307\/20460250","article-title":"Management of barbiturate intoxication in cougars (Felis concolor)","volume":"18","author":"Martin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Zoo Anim. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2007.05.006","article-title":"Relationship of the toxicity of pesticide formulations and their commercial restrictions with the frequency of animal poisonings","volume":"69","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Haro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.07.109","article-title":"Risk assessment of bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) exposure to topical antiparasitics used in livestock within an ecotoxicovigilance framework","volume":"536","author":"Mateo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16418","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922355117","article-title":"Direct evidence of poison-driven widespread population decline in wild vertebrate","volume":"117","author":"Mateo-Tom\u00e1s","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2018.08.012","article-title":"State of the world's raptors: distributions, threats, and conservation recommendations","volume":"227","author":"McClure","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02317","article-title":"Diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture population decline in Pakistan","volume":"427","author":"Oaks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib30","first-page":"146","article-title":"Euthanatized animals can poison wildlife: veterinarians receive fines","volume":"220","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8193","article-title":"Quantification of sodium pentobarbital residues from equine mortality compost piles","volume":"93","author":"Payne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(02)00164-7","article-title":"Catastrophic collapse of Indian white-backed Gyps bengalensis and long-billed Gyps indicus vulture populations","volume":"109","author":"Prakash","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib33","unstructured":"PubChem, open database at National Institutes of Health (NIH), 2020. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Pentobarbital#section=Special-Reports. (Accessed 11 November 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.06.001","article-title":"Transfer of metals to plants and red deer in an old lead mining area in Spain","volume":"406","author":"Reglero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.093","article-title":"Continued implication of the banned pesticides carbofuran and aldicarb in the poisoning of domestic and wild animals of the Canary Islands (Spain)","volume":"505","author":"Ruiz-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/wsb.469","article-title":"Causes of mortality in eagles submitted to the national wildlife health center 1975-2013","volume":"38","author":"Russell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wildl. Soc. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib37","article-title":"Histological changes and protective effect of pipali (Piper longum) in arsenic intoxicated cockerels","volume":"80","author":"Sajan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.01.028","article-title":"Primary and secondary poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticides of non-target animals in Spain","volume":"420","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Barbudo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib39","first-page":"20","article-title":"Intoxicaciones intencionadas y accidentales de fauna silvestre y dom\u00e9stica en Espa\u00f1a: diferencias entre Comunidades Aut\u00f3nomas","volume":"26","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Barbudo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(72)90151-2","article-title":"The acute toxicity of 369 pesticidal, pharmaceutical and other chemicals to wild birds","volume":"25","author":"Schafer","year":"1972","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fate of barbiturates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during carcass composting","volume":"4","author":"Schwarz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib42","first-page":"338","article-title":"Dumps for dead livestock and the conservation of wintering red kites (Milvus milvus)","volume":"33","author":"Serrano","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Raptor Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0570","article-title":"Detection and drivers of exposure and effects of pharmaceuticals in higher vertebrates","volume":"369","author":"Shore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib44","series-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the Environment","first-page":"216","article-title":"Impacts of pharmaceuticals on terrestrial wildlife","author":"Taggart","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib45","series-title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","first-page":"349","article-title":"Barbiturates","author":"Thomas","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985816641176","article-title":"Integrating the forensic sciences in wildlife case investigations: a case report of pentobarbital and phenytoin toxicosis in a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)","volume":"53","author":"Viner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib47","article-title":"A review of secondary pentobarbital poisoning in scavenging wildlife, companion animals and captive carnivores","volume":"1","author":"Wells","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12417","article-title":"Suspected flunixin poisoning of a wild Eurasian griffon vulture from Spain","volume":"29","author":"Zorrilla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749121010344?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749121010344?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T22:13:15Z","timestamp":1759443195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749121010344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0269749121010344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Increasing incidence of barbiturate intoxication in avian scavengers and mammals in Spain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117452","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117452"}}